1 answer
Aug 25 25 by VegemiteKid
Why were the leaders of the Roman Empire sometimes called Kings instead of Emperors?
These titles (in English) refer to rulers from different periods of time. Rome started being ruled by leaders using the title 'rex' (king), some known only from legend, some list in the mists of time. This title was used until 509 BCE, when Tarquinius Superbus was overthrown, and a Republic set up. In this period, control of various facets of society were distributed among a number of people, with various titles, and no one person considered to be at the top.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Rome
Then in 27 BCE Octavian once again became a single supreme ruler, and adopted the title of Caesar Augustus.
[quote]The term emperor is a modern convention, and did not exist as such during the Empire. When a given Roman is described as becoming emperor in English, it generally reflects his accession as augustus, and later as basileus. Another title used was imperator, originally a military honorific, and caesar, originally a cognomen. Early emperors also used the title princeps ("first one") alongside other Republican titles, notably consul and pontifex maximus.[/quote]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_emperor (looney_tunes)
1 answer
Aug 25 25 by VegemiteKid
What is the average distance covered by an AFL player (Australian Football League) during a match?
I found this article which is already more than 13 years old:
[quote]AFL PLAYERS are on the field for longer, and run further, than any other mainstream professional sport in the world.
GPS data reveals AFL players, on average, run 14km a match on the League's biggest ground, Patersons Stadium.
In English soccer's premier league, players run around 11.7km per match, while in Australia's elite rugby league matches, players will normally run between 8-10km per game depending on their position.[/quote]
https://www.nmfc.com.au/news/773180/afl-the-running-game
https://preparelikeapro.com/how-far-do-afl-players-run-in-a-football/ (wellenbrecher)
1 answer
Aug 23 25 by odo5435
What day of the week was October 10, 1582?
When Pope Gregory XIII introduced the Gregorian calendar in 1582, it was only adopted immediately by a few countries. The Papal States, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the German Prince-Bishopric of Passau switched in October 1582, skipping 10 days to realign the calendar.
Meanwhile, Spain and Portugal implemented the reform across their extensive empires, which included territories in the Americas, while other European regions, such as France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Austria, and parts of Switzerland and the Czech lands, adopted it more gradually, sometimes years later, due to local resistance or administrative delays.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_adoption_dates_of_the_Gregorian_calendar_by_country (wellenbrecher)
2 answers
Aug 22 25 by serpa
How deep is the turbulence created when a category five hurricane is over an ocean?
The depth of the turbulence varies depending on the wave frequency (distance between wave peaks). A shorter frequency between waves leads to shallower turbulence while a long wave frequency (greater distance between wave peaks) will have deeper effects.
[quote]"If the distance between subsequent wave crests is 100 meters [328 feet], then below about 50 meters [164 feet] you won't have any of that orbit motion," Storlazzi told Live Science. However, if there is a very long wave length, then this circular moving water can reach all the way down to the continental shelf, which can be hundreds of feet below the water's surface, he said.[/quote]
[quote] What lies beneath
The chaos starts at the ocean's surface. The hurricane's winds blow against the water, creating waves. As the waves grow taller, they develop more area for the wind to press against, which in turn makes the waves even larger, Storlazzi said.
The water below each wave moves in a circular motion, which sets off another, small circle below it. To visualize it, think of a hula hoop with a somewhat smaller hula hoop below it, continuing until the hoops get very small.
Scientists have learned that these stacked-hoop disturbances - that is, water moving in a circular motion, setting off another circular orbit below it - are only half the distance in length from one wave peak to the next.
"If the distance between subsequent wave crests is 100 meters [328 feet], then below about 50 meters [164 feet] you won't have any of that orbit motion," Storlazzi told Live Science. However, if there is a very long wave length, then this circular moving water can reach all the way down to the continental shelf, which can be hundreds of feet below the water's surface, he said.
"When those orbital motions [get] near the bottom, they can't go through the seabed, so they tend to flatten out," Storlazzi said. "Instead of being circular, they're very horizontal, just back and forth. And those cause a lot of stress, or force imparted on the seabed."
This extremely fast horizontal movement within the ocean can kick up sediment and even move large objects - "you always hear about old sunken ships being unburied in storms because you have very strong horizontal motions," Storlazzi said.
The hurricane's powerful winds can also mix the ocean's cold, deep waters with warmer, shallow waters. "When hurricanes propagate across the ocean, they tend to leave a cooler trail of water in their wake," Storlazzi said. "They're pulling up deep water that's usually colder than the surface water, which is warmed by the sun."[/quote]
https://www.livescience.com/60354-how-hurricanes-impact-underwater-marine-life.html (elburcher)
1 answer
Aug 21 25 by unclerick
What day of the week was October 10, 1582?
The Gregorian calendar was at first only adopted by Roman Catholic countries*, so places like England retained the 'Old Style' Julian calendar in 1582. The 'New Style' Gregorian calendar wasn't adopted by the United Kingdom and its empire until 1752. This sometimes led to switching back and forth between calendars as territories in Canada and elsewhere changed hands between European powers. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_adoption_dates_of_the_Gregorian_calendar_by_country
So, there was a 10 October 1582 (Old Style) in such non-Catholic places, and it fell on a Wednesday. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1582, https://vbattu.wordpress.com/tag/julian-calendar/
* the shift to the Gregorian calendar in 1582 skipped from 4 October to 15 October for the Roman Catholic church- civil adoption varied, even in Catholic countries- e.g. France made the shift in December that year. (sportsherald)
2 answers
Aug 22 25 by serpa
1 answer
Aug 22 25 by pehinhota
Who was the first ruler to introduce the title of Tsar among the Slavic monarchies?
The first Slavic ruler to take the title of Tsar was Simeon I of Bulgaria, in 893. Even just considering Russia, which is what most people think of, there were a few instances of the title being used even before Ivan III added Tsar of all Russia to the list of titles by which he was to be designated, sometime around 1480.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsar (looney_tunes)
2 answers
Aug 20 25 by pehinhota
2 answers
Aug 20 25 by pehinhota
What percentage of American adults have tattoos?
Approximately 32% of citizens of the U.S.A. (about 80 million people) have tattoos.That percentage varies considerably according to age with tattooing being less common as age increases.
https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/08/15/32-of-americans-have-a-tattoo-including-22-who-have-more-than-one
https://expertbeacon.com/how-many-people-have-tattoos
https://www.outlookindia.com/international/us/tattoo-statistics-how-many-people-have-tattoos-in-us-news-318813
(Out of curiosity, I tried to find worldwide figures but time escaped me. Perhaps someone else may be interested...) (odo5435)
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Aug 20 25 by unclerick
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May 02 25 by chabenao1
How do touchscreens work?
There are two types. This explains.
https://www.explainthatstuff.com/touchscreens.html#howwork (Kalibre)
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May 01 25 by ozzz2002
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