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European History Trivia

European History Trivia Quizzes

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A wide variety of topics address the growth and development of the European continent ... this is where it all began.
824 European History quizzes and 11,536 European History trivia questions.
Sub-Categories:
1.
  The Art of Revolting (or Lack of It)    
Ordering Quiz
 10 Qns
Welcome! In late medieval and early modern times, Europe experienced many social upheavals and revolts. Your task is to place ten of them in chronological order. Enjoy!
Average, 10 Qns, DeepHistory, Sep 30 24
Average
DeepHistory gold member
Sep 30 24
57 plays
2.
  Mulled Over Moldova   best quiz  
Classification Quiz
 13 Qns
Independence of European Nations
Quite a few present-day European countries (such as Moldova) became sovereign states in the 20th century. Can you sort them out according to the political entity from which they gained their independence?
Easier, 13 Qns, LadyNym, Jul 04 23
Recommended for grades: 11,12
Easier
LadyNym gold member
Jul 04 23
303 plays
3.
  Why Georgia?   best quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
One of the most profound questions historians ask is "Why?" This quiz attempts to answer that question across various episodes of Georgian history. Have fun!
Average, 10 Qns, stuthehistoryguy, Oct 02 13
Average
stuthehistoryguy gold member
3452 plays
4.
  19th-Century Europe: A Time of Change   great trivia quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
This quiz concerns events in European history in the 19th century, including a few questions about Central and Eastern Europe, which usually tend to be left out in favor of Western Europe.
Average, 10 Qns, LadyNym, Apr 06 22
Recommended for grades: 11,12
Average
LadyNym gold member
Apr 06 22
771 plays
5.
Going For Baroque
  Going For Baroque    
Photo Quiz
 10 Qns
This quiz features ten questions dealing with 17th century European history.
Easier, 10 Qns, bernie73, Aug 14 18
Easier
bernie73 gold member
Aug 14 18
456 plays
6.
  F Is for Fugger   great trivia quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
Sue Grafton inspired me to write a series of history quizzes, in which each answer starts with the same letter. Here's an installment for the letter F.
Average, 10 Qns, JanIQ, Dec 01 22
Average
JanIQ gold member
Dec 01 22
339 plays
7.
  Operatic History in the Eighteenth Century   top quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
Here's yet another instalment on operas (and perhaps some other classical music) named after historical events and persons. This time, we deal with the eighteenth century - from the War of the Spanish Succession up to the French Revolution.
Average, 10 Qns, JanIQ, Jun 27 14
Average
JanIQ gold member
1190 plays
8.
  General European History   great trivia quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
General European History from the Renaissance to the Cold War.
Average, 10 Qns, trident, May 20 23
Recommended for grades: 10,11,12
Average
trident editor
May 20 23
6177 plays
9.
  The 17th Century: I Remember It Well!   top quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
"Remember!" the ghost urges Hamlet in the play, but you don't have to remember any lines. If you like Shakespeare, enjoy! If not, just cut to the last sentence of each question, which asks you to remember facts about 17th Century European history.
Average, 10 Qns, nannywoo, Aug 07 17
Average
nannywoo gold member
637 plays
10.
  FYR Macedonia: Modern is the New Ancient   best quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
A quiz on the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, aka FYROM or FYR Macedonia. It became the Republic of North Macedonia in February 2019.
Average, 10 Qns, stuthehistoryguy, May 11 17
Average
stuthehistoryguy gold member
2886 plays
trivia question Quick Question
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were the joint authors of a manifesto discussing:

From Quiz "European Intellectual History"




11.
  Tales of 17th Century Conflicts   best quiz  
Match Quiz
 10 Qns
The history of the world is full of stories about conflicts - and the 17th century was no exception. Can you match the date, which may mark the beginning OR the end of the conflict, and those involved with the correct conflict?
Average, 10 Qns, ponycargirl, Jul 28 18
Average
ponycargirl editor
Jul 28 18
617 plays
12.
  Modern European History: 1850-2000   popular trivia quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
A brief quiz, covering all things historical from 1850 to 2000. Good luck and enjoy!
Easier, 10 Qns, runaway_drive, May 23 14
Recommended for grades: 9,10,11
Easier
runaway_drive gold member
2068 plays
13.
  Europe 1815-1900   best quiz  
Multiple Choice
 15 Qns
This quiz is primarily concerned with broad historical trends in this period and ought not to be particularly hard. Have fun!
Tough, 15 Qns, bloomsby, Dec 14 15
Tough
bloomsby gold member
5161 plays
14.
  Europe's Game of Thrones   best quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
It's great fun to watch the various houses vie for power in a fantasy series, but the kingdoms of Europe were playing this game a long time ago. See what tactics they used to stay in power or end up losing the game.
Average, 10 Qns, trident, Jun 23 14
Average
trident editor
972 plays
15.
  More Tales of 17th Century Conflicts   top quiz  
Match Quiz
 10 Qns
The history of the world is full of stories about conflicts - and the 17th century was no exception. Can you match the date, which marks the beginning of the conflict, and those involved with the correct conflict?
Average, 10 Qns, ponycargirl, Sep 28 17
Average
ponycargirl editor
526 plays
16.
  E Is For Epirus   popular trivia quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
Inspired by Sue Grafton, I wrote this history quiz in which every answer starts with E. What do you know about the following events, people and places, mostly in European history?
Average, 10 Qns, JanIQ, Dec 01 21
Average
JanIQ gold member
Dec 01 21
324 plays
17.
  The Autumn of Nations: 1989, the Fall of Communism   popular trivia quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
As in 1848, revolutionary fever spread across Europe in 1989. This time it was the people of the communist countries of the Eastern Bloc who agitated for change. See how well you remember those events.
Average, 10 Qns, alan03, Oct 08 23
Average
alan03
Oct 08 23
1636 plays
18.
  European History Common Bond    
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
The following will offer some interesting tidbits on European History. Question ten will have a common bond with the first nine.
Easier, 10 Qns, lout62001, Aug 16 24
Easier
lout62001 gold member
Aug 16 24
2252 plays
19.
  Historie enow t' Inspire the Bard   top quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
Here are some historical questions from events and people that inspired some of Shakespeare's works. Have fun.
Average, 10 Qns, shvdotr, Dec 18 13
Average
shvdotr gold member
811 plays
20.
  Pogroms and Ghettos, 1096 Onwards   best quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
The persecution of Jews in Europe intensified sharply with the Crusades, and continued for a very long time. Test your knowledge, and discover more.
Tough, 10 Qns, bloomsby, Oct 08 15
Tough
bloomsby gold member
1088 plays
21.
  European Countries That No Longer Exist   great trivia quiz  
Multiple Choice
 20 Qns
In this quiz I will ask you about countries that no longer exist. A few of them may exist as regional entities, but none as national entities.
Difficult, 20 Qns, author, Oct 26 11
Difficult
author
4010 plays
22.
  European History Part I    
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
A series of multiple-choice questions on European History. Enjoy!
Average, 10 Qns, History1066, May 05 12
Average
History1066
2011 plays
23.
  European History: Part II   popular trivia quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
The second part of a series of multiple-choice questions on European History. Enjoy!
Average, 10 Qns, History1066, Feb 14 14
Average
History1066
921 plays
24.
  European History - Some Key Aspects   popular trivia quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
Test your knowledge of the history of the Old Continent!
Average, 10 Qns, vishal-nl, Jan 11 09
Average
vishal-nl
1589 plays
25.
  History of Vilnius   popular trivia quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
Vilnius, Lithuania's capital city, is full of rich culture and bloody history. How much do you know about its past?
Average, 10 Qns, Joepetz, Feb 13 20
Average
Joepetz gold member
Feb 13 20
227 plays
26.
  19th Century European History    
Multiple Choice
 15 Qns
This should test your knowledge of 19th Century European history.
Tough, 15 Qns, magicbadger, Oct 31 15
Tough
magicbadger
3604 plays
27.
  Western Civ    
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
A quiz for anyone who has ever taken Western Civ I in college, written by someone who has taught the course many times!
Average, 10 Qns, doomyjoe, Aug 31 09
Average
doomyjoe
5082 plays
28.
  European History: Part III    
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
The third part of a series of multiple-choice questions on European History. Enjoy!
Average, 10 Qns, History1066, Mar 22 14
Average
History1066
783 plays
29.
  The Holy Roman Empire   popular trivia quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
The Holy Roman Empire ... Some say it was neither "holy," nor "Roman," nor an "empire." What do you know about this entity? This quiz is 'old-fashioned history' with names and dates.
Average, 10 Qns, snediger, Apr 10 10
Average
snediger
1532 plays
30.
  Classical Music in History   popular trivia quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
I've already composed several quizzes on pieces of classical music named after historical persons or events. But there are also other possible links between history and classical music. See, for example, Daniel Auber's "La Muette de Portici".
Tough, 10 Qns, JanIQ, Oct 10 17
Tough
JanIQ gold member
1080 plays
31.
  The Spring of Nations: The Revolutions of 1848    
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
In 1848 revolutionary fever swept across Europe. This quiz will test your knowledge of the Year of Revolutions.
Tough, 10 Qns, alan03, Jul 30 14
Tough
alan03
684 plays
32.
  European History - A Miscellany: 2   great trivia quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
Another ten questions on Europe, mainly in 19th century and mainly on Continental Europe. Players are likely to find some of the questions unusual (and not very easy), so please treat this as a learning experience.
Difficult, 10 Qns, bloomsby, Feb 27 15
Difficult
bloomsby gold member
2092 plays
33.
  European History - A Miscellany: 1   top quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
Here are some questions on European history with a bias towards the 19th and 20th centuries.
Difficult, 10 Qns, bloomsby, Mar 19 20
Difficult
bloomsby gold member
Mar 19 20
2213 plays
34.
  History: Tackling Research Problems    
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
There's no simple recipe for tackling research problems. However, this quiz tries to give a few pointers.
Average, 10 Qns, bloomsby, Apr 25 19
Average
bloomsby gold member
Apr 25 19
1472 plays
35.
  European History Mix    
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
Here is a mixture of European history questions. It's my first quiz! Enjoy!
Average, 10 Qns, beatles4741, May 12 10
Average
beatles4741
1455 plays
36.
  Huguenot History   popular trivia quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
Many British people, myself included, have Huguenot ancestors. But who were these people and what is their story?
Average, 10 Qns, jules44, Dec 11 09
Average
jules44
553 plays
37.
  British Appeasement of Germany   popular trivia quiz  
Multiple Choice
 15 Qns
The term "appeasement" is well known. This quiz is about the politics and the politicians - and the anti-appeasers. Test your knowledge.
Difficult, 15 Qns, bloomsby, Aug 19 17
Difficult
bloomsby gold member
1028 plays
38.
  The Balance of Power: Europe, 1492-1914    
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
A brief overview of the shifting concentrations of power and conflicts of Europe, from colonization to World War I.
Average, 10 Qns, op47b, Aug 17 11
Average
op47b
1305 plays
39.
  European History, 1648-1789   popular trivia quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
This quiz covers a variety of subjects that feature in European history from the end of the Thirty Years' War to 1789.
Tough, 10 Qns, AeronBlade, Apr 11 11
Tough
AeronBlade
975 plays
40.
  The Concert of Europe 1815-1914    
Multiple Choice
 20 Qns
Though bloody wars continued to be fought by all its signatories, the Concert of Europe DID succeed in preventing a general European war until the oubreak of WWI. Test your knowledge of the history of the European Continent during this tumultuous period.
Difficult, 20 Qns, brutus_cassius, Oct 30 08
Difficult
brutus_cassius
1236 plays
41.
  The Double-Headed Eagle   great trivia quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
Ever been intrigued by this strange creature? This topic is rather obscure, so please treat this quiz as a learning exercise, and have fun.
Difficult, 10 Qns, bloomsby, Aug 19 16
Difficult
bloomsby gold member
1300 plays
42.
  Early Modern Europe Test Your Knowledge    
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
A time of discovery, invention and education. Also a time of beheadings and wars.
Average, 10 Qns, spyro, Jan 08 10
Average
spyro
2171 plays
43.
  Europe: The Scramble for Africa    
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
Leading up to WWI, the countries of Europe competed tirelessly to conquer the greatest portion of Africa. How much do you know about the sordid events and people of this time?
Average, 10 Qns, Lordtiolac, Jun 13 23
Average
Lordtiolac
Jun 13 23
449 plays
44.
  European Intellectual History   popular trivia quiz  
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
General history of Western Europe from 1600 to the present. Includes many of the philosophers of the time.
Average, 10 Qns, Amartin888, Jun 10 23
Average
Amartin888
Jun 10 23
2385 plays
45.
  The Livonian Crisis    
Multiple Choice
 15 Qns
In the mid-sixteenth century the great powers in northeastern Europe clashed over modern Estonia and Latvia. It was a fascinating period, I hope you enjoy the quiz!
Difficult, 15 Qns, brutus_cassius, Apr 24 03
Difficult
brutus_cassius
494 plays
46.
  Austria-Hungary    
Multiple Choice
 20 Qns
I will ask you some questions about the lost empire of Austria-Hungary.
Average, 20 Qns, author, Jun 06 23
Average
author
Jun 06 23
1004 plays
47.
  East Central Europe    
Multiple Choice
 15 Qns
The breadbasket of Europe and one of its most hotly contested areas! Test your knowledge of this unique and fascinating area! NOTE: for the purpose of this quiz please consider East Central Europe = Poland, Hungary and Czech and Slovak Republics.
Difficult, 15 Qns, brutus_cassius, May 17 03
Difficult
brutus_cassius
899 plays
48.
  Military Coups In Europe    
Multiple Choice
 20 Qns
I want to ask you about some military coups in Europe. I will give you the year and the name of the coup maker. You give me the country.
Average, 20 Qns, author, Jul 04 20
Average
author
Jul 04 20
1188 plays
49.
  19th and 20th Century Europe    
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
I just finished taking higher level IB history. Here are ten questions on some of the things I learned.
Average, 10 Qns, smarta$$57, Apr 18 19
Average
smarta$$57
Apr 18 19
1657 plays
50.
  Disputed Areas in Europe    
Multiple Choice
 25 Qns
I will give you the name of two or three European countries and a year in the 20th century. This year the two or three countries disputed over an area. But which?
Difficult, 25 Qns, author, Nov 08 11
Difficult
author
1811 plays
51.
  Noble Steeds II: Europe    
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
Famous horses and riders from European history (15th to 19th centuries). Questions mainly obscure.
Tough, 10 Qns, xaosdog, Jun 04 02
Tough
xaosdog
489 plays
52.
  England And Flanders' Common History    
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
Medieval Flanders (originally just a strip of floodland on the continental side of the Channel) played a not insignificant role in European, and even in English History, especially since Hastings. Check your knowledge here.
Difficult, 10 Qns, flem-ish, Aug 20 16
Difficult
flem-ish
638 plays
53.
  The Hanseatic League    
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
Ten questions on Europe's first "common market".
Tough, 10 Qns, Berkshire12, Jun 26 04
Tough
Berkshire12
408 plays
54.
  European History Mix II    
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
Part II of my European Mixes! Tried to make this one a little more difficult! I hope you enjoy! Bonne Chance!
Tough, 10 Qns, beatles4741, May 13 10
Tough
beatles4741
775 plays
55.
  Former German And Italian States    
Multiple Choice
 20 Qns
As a result of the unification of Italy in 1860-70 and of Germany in 1866-1871 a lot of states lost their independence. I want you to join me in a quiz to search for these states. I will give you the capital, and you give me the name of the state.
Average, 20 Qns, author, Oct 18 12
Average
author
674 plays
56.
  Millennium Quiz: 1000-2000 A.D.    
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
You will be taken on a journey through time, visiting every century of the last millennium. Have fun!
Tough, 10 Qns, vishvakarman, Oct 25 13
Tough
vishvakarman
1655 plays
57.
  Life & Times of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor    
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
Charles V was a significant Holy Roman Emperor who oversaw some of the most important and interesting events in the 16th century. This quiz examines these events and his life.
Tough, 10 Qns, oracleireland, Dec 26 11
Tough
oracleireland
255 plays
58.
  Early Modern Europe: 10 Questions    
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
Ten questions on Western Europe, mainly in the 16th century (1500-1600).
Difficult, 10 Qns, naylor182, May 19 06
Difficult
naylor182
604 plays
59.
  Hungarian Names of East European Cities    
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
Hungary was one of the major losers of World War I. It lost about 2/3 of its territory. In this quiz I ask for the Hungarian names of some cities which were part of Hungary until end of WW1. (Hungary was part of Dual Monarchy Austria-Hungary 1867-1918).
Tough, 10 Qns, author, Jul 01 11
Tough
author
406 plays
60.
  German Names of East European Cities 2    
Multiple Choice
 15 Qns
This is a (more difficult) sequel to my quiz about German names of East European cities.These cities had a large population of Germans up to the World Wars.
Difficult, 15 Qns, author, Sep 19 02
Difficult
author
597 plays
61.
  Italian Names of Balkan Cities    
Multiple Choice
 10 Qns
Parts of Balkan once was Italian territory, or belonged to the Italian city states. In this quiz I will test your knowledge of the Italian names of these cities.
Difficult, 10 Qns, author, Sep 22 02
Difficult
author
379 plays
62.
  German Names of East European Cities    
Multiple Choice
 15 Qns
Up to the World Wars many East European cities had a large minority (or even a majority) of German speaking people. The World Wars changed this situation. In this quiz I ask: What were the German names for some of these cities?
Tough, 15 Qns, author, Mar 21 19
Tough
author
Mar 21 19
525 plays
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European History Trivia Questions

1. Pyrrhus (319 BC - 272 BC) defeated the Romans twice, but not without the loss of many of his officers and veterans. Which small kingdom did he command?

From Quiz
E Is For Epirus

Answer: Epirus

Pyrrhus became king of Epirus, on the west coast of Greece, in 306 BC. At that time several former generals of Alexander the Great fought for influence in the Middle East, and Rome was slowly conquering the Italian mainland on the Greek colonies and local tribes. In 280 BC the Greek colony Tarentum invoked the help of Pyrrhus, and he came with a large army. But after two heavy battles, Pyrrhus had lost most of his veterans and generals, while the Romans started calling up other legions. Pyrrhus would then have made the comment "Another victory against the Romans and we're lost". Pyrrhus then tried his luck against the Carthaginian settlements on Sicily, but to no avail. In 275 BC Pyrrhus retreated to Greece, briefly became king of Macedon, and tried to subdue the Peloponnesus. He was killed in Argos, and soon after Pyrrhus' death the Romans subdued Tarentum. Eleusis was a town in Boeotia, near Athens. Epidaurus was an independent city in the Peloponnesus, near Argos and Mycenae. Euboea was (and still is) a large island to the north of Attica and Athens.

2. Which Grand Duke of Lithuania, who ruled from 1316-1341, is widely credited for helping Vilnius become one of the most important cities in Eastern Europe?

From Quiz History of Vilnius

Answer: Gediminas

Gediminas is credited with founding the Grand Duchy of Lithuania which, at its largest, stretched from the Baltics south to the Black Sea and west into what is now Germany. Gediminas is also widely known for establishing his capital at Vilnius (though he did not found the city) when he built a small castle there. Gediminas was a noted Pagan who resisted converting to Christianity. Despite that, Gediminas was religiously tolerant and he opened his kingdom to Christians, Jews and others fleeing persecution.

3. 1852 saw the beginning of a war that lasted until 1856, in which Russia would lose to an alliance of France, Britain, Sardinia and The Ottoman Empire. What is the name of this war?

From Quiz Modern European History: 1850-2000

Answer: Crimean War

The war commenced in October 1853 and mainly took place in the Crimean Peninsula. It was a battle to decide who would control the various territories of the Ottoman Empire and religious issues were also the causes of the conflict. The Treaty of Paris was signed in 1856, thus bringing an end to the Crimean War. It is famous for highlighting the important work of women working as army nurses, such as Florence Nightingale and Mary Seacole.

4. What European country was the first to establish a serious presence in Africa (in post Roman times)?

From Quiz Europe: The Scramble for Africa

Answer: Portugal

Despite their later irrelevance in the struggle, the Portugese were the first, beginning in the 15th century, to construct fortresses, ports, and trade outposts on the west coast of Africa. However, no European attempt was made to penetrate the interior of the continent for three centuries.

5. Who was crowned 'August Caesar' on December 25, 800 C.E.?

From Quiz European History: Part II

Answer: Charlemagne

Clovis was instrumental in unifying the Frankish tribes under his rule in the 5th and 6th Century. Additionally, he is often considered the founder of the Merovingian dynasty. Charles "The Hammer" Martel was an important military and political leader of the Franks who was most famous for his participation in a major battle in the 700s. Leo X was the reigning pope, who died a few years before Martin Luther sparked the Protestant Reformation in 1517.

6. Which country did the Industrial Revolution originate in?

From Quiz European History Part I

Answer: Britain

The reason that the Industrial Revolution originated in Britain was that it had a large market for its goods, was willing to adopt new agricultural methods, had a well-developed banking/credit market, and had a large population. It also had extensive trade.

7. Who were the parents of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor?

From Quiz Life & Times of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

Answer: Joanna of Castile & Philip the Handsome

Joanna of Castile was the daughter of Isabel I of Castile and Ferdinand II or Aragon who were known as 'Los Reyes Católicos' in Spain. These were the monarchs responsible for the Reconquista and eventual decline of the Moors in Andalucia. Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal were the parents of Maximilian I, who was the predecessor to Charles V. Ferdinand I was Charles V brother and successor to the Holy Roman Empire.

8. The Thirty Years' War lasted from 1618 to 1648. What was the name of the peace that ended said war?

From Quiz European History, 1648-1789

Answer: Peace of Westphalia

The Peace of Westphalia allowed the official practice of Calvinism within the Holy Roman Empire, as well as giving the component principalities and duchies effective sovereignty. The Peace of Münster ended the Eighty Years War between the Dutch Republic and Spain, which ran parallel to the Thirty Years' War. The Peace of Augsburg was signed in 1555, which granted Lutheran princes the right to profess their faith. The Peace of Pavia was signed between the Duchy of Savoy and Spain in 1617.

9. The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (aka FYROM) is named for the ancient Kingdom of Macedon, which conquered the area in the fourth century BCE. What famed conqueror and father of Alexander the Great annexed what is now Macedonia?

From Quiz FYR Macedonia: Modern is the New Ancient

Answer: Philip II

Alexander himself was born in Pella, which is now in modern Greece, though the bulk of Alexander's ancestral kingdom was in present-day FYROM.

10. The Council of Trent was called to reform the Catholic Church from within, with a view to reinvigorating it in order to prevent people converting to Protestantism. Between was years did it take place?

From Quiz European History Mix II

Answer: 1545-1563

Started under Pope Paul III, this was a reaction to the Reformation. It took place in Trento (Adige, Italy) (1545-1547), Bologna (1574), and Trent again (1559-1563). Pope Pius IV presided over the last sessions between 1559-1563, after Paul III's death.

11. Which early Pope wrote the book, "The Servant of the Servant of God"?

From Quiz European History Mix

Answer: Gregory I

Gregory I the Great (lived c. 540-604) did not have any desire to become Pope. However, in this book he asserted the primacy of the papacy and stressed the importance of strict hierarchy in the Church. In the English-speaking countries he is well known for a remark attributed to him by Bede. When he saw fair-haired slaves for sale in Rome he asked where they came from, and on being informed that they were Angles, he replied: 'They are not Angles, but angels' ('Non Angli, sed angeli sunt'). He sent St. Augustine to Canterbury to convert the Kingdom of Kent.

12. This nation was part of the Ottoman Empire for over five hundred years. It gained its independence in 1912. Which country is this that was also the ethnicity of Mother Teresa?

From Quiz European History Common Bond

Answer: Albania

Albania is a country in southeast Europe. The capital is Tirana which is the financial center of the nation. Democracy has opened the country to foreign investment particularly in the areas of transport and energy.

13. Huguenots were Protestants who originated principally from which country?

From Quiz Huguenot History

Answer: France

Huguenots were French Protestants. In the sixteenth and seventeenth century it is estimated that around a quarter of a million Huguenots fled their homeland to escape persecution. Many found refuge in England. The Huguenots who came from the southern French speaking part of Belgium, Wallonia, are generally known as Walloons.

14. Galileo's "Dialogue of the Two Chief Systems of the World" argued in favor of:

From Quiz European Intellectual History

Answer: a heliocentric view of the universe

He was one of the first to disagree with Aristotle's beliefs and was forced by the Inquisition to recant his beliefs.

15. The BBC Radio Broadcast used (or misused?) the first notes of a famous composition to announce its European services during the Second World War. Which of Beethoven's symphonies was used in this way?

From Quiz Classical Music in History

Answer: The Fifth

Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1829) was a German composer. His grandfather was Belgian. Beethoven is most famous for his symphonies, but left us also one opera ("Fidelio") and several piano sonatas. The Third Symphony ("Eroica", 1803) was dedicated to Napoleon. However, Beethoven revoked the dedication when he became aware of Napoleon's harshness. The Sixth Symphony ("Pastoral", 1808) is another famous symphony of Beethoven's. It does not fit in this theme, for it bears no evident connection with history. The Ninth Symphony (1824) ends with the chorus song "Ode an die Freude" ("Ode to Joy") by Friedrich Schiller. The European Union adopted the melody (not the lyrics) as an anthemn in 2003. The Fifth Symphony starts with four notes which every amateur of classical music will recognize (and recite) immediately: "da da da dum". During World War II, these four notes announced BBC Radio broadcasts - especially those with cryptic messages for the resistance. There are some symbolical coincidences related to this topic. The Fifth Symphony is also sometimes noted as "Symphony Nr. V", from the Roman numeral. The first notes of the Fifth Symphony correspond with the Morse code for "V" - maybe because Samuel Morse was inspired by Beethoven. The letter "V" was also used by British propagandists as the abbreviation of "Victory" - and the Fifth Symphony does sound rather victorious.

16. The revoking of this doctrine by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev in 1989 led to the Autumn of Nations in Eastern Europe.

From Quiz The Autumn of Nations: 1989, the Fall of Communism

Answer: Brezhnev Doctrine

The Brezhnev Doctrine held that an attack on one communist country by capitalism was an attack on all. Essentially this meant that the Soviet Union considered itself at liberty to intervene in the internal affairs of other Eastern Bloc countries. The communist governments of Eastern Europe were not keen on the policies of glasnost and perestroika which Gorbachev had initiated in the Soviet Union. However, Gorbachev's revocation of the Brezhnev Doctrine signaled to opposition groups within these countries that the Soviet Union would not intervene in their internal affairs and encouraged them to push for reform. More commonly referred to as the Fall of Communism, the Autumn of Nations not only refers to the fact that these revolutions occurred in the latter part of 1989 but harks back to the revolutions of 1848 which swept across Europe and were known as the 'Spring of Nations'.

17. Which country was the first to experience a revolution in 1848?

From Quiz The Spring of Nations: The Revolutions of 1848

Answer: The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies

The island of Sicily had been incorparated into a union with Naples as the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1815, following the end of the Napoleonic Wars. On the 12th of January, 1848 a revolution occurred in Sicily against rule from Naples, a revolution that would ignite liberal sentiments and revolutionary fervour across Europe. Sicily managed to maintain a sort of quasi-independence until the uprising was finally crushed. Ironically, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies would last for only twelve more years before it was incorporated into the newly-founded kingdom of Italy.

18. Which country was the only foreign country to support the loyalists during the Spanish Civil War?

From Quiz 19th and 20th Century Europe

Answer: Soviet Union

Both Italy and Germany supported Franco, and provided him with air support, troops, and supplies. Russia provided the loyalists, with funding and supplies.

19. When did Richard III of England reign from and till?

From Quiz Early Modern Europe

Answer: 1483-1485

Richard III controversially gained the throne at the expense of his nephew (Edward V), who was placed in the Tower of London by Richard until his mysterious disappearence. He was deposed at the Battle of Bosworth on August 21 1485, whereupon Henry Tudor (Henry VII) began the Tudor dynasty.

20. Why did the Bolshevists storm the Winter Palace in the October Revolution of 1917?

From Quiz European History - A Miscellany: 1

Answer: In order to overthrow the Provisional Government, which was based there

The notion that Lenin and the Bolshevists deposed Nicholas II is an urban legend. He'd been forced to abdicate after the February Revolution (1917) - at a time when Lenin wasn't even in Russia. That earlier Russian Revolution had been much more broadly based. At the time of the storming of the Winter Palace the Provisional Government was headed by Kerensky.

21. What year did the city of Lübeck, the German port on the Baltic Sea, achieve city status?

From Quiz The Hanseatic League

Answer: 1143

Lübeck achieved city status in 1143 and became one of the chief trading centres in Northern Europe. The Hanseatic League was founded in roughly around 1256 , although its origins are nebulous and cannot be dated precisely. Later many other cities united and Lübeck played the primary role. However, after the discovery of the "New World", the center of trade progressively shifted to the west, and eventually the Hanseatic League dissolved. In its heyday (c. 1400-1500 or slightly later) Lübeck was the third largest city in Central Europe - after Cologne and Prague.

22. What is meant by "appeasement" in a post 1940 political context?

From Quiz British Appeasement of Germany

Answer: Yielding to the demands and threats of a dictator

The term "appeasement", which has been revived in connection with foreign policy in the 21st century, is pejorative, suggesting abject submission in the face of threats and bullying by a dictator.

23. This man's father was the first Grand Duke to assume the title of Tsar of Muscovy. This man also invaded Livonia in 1558. How is he known the history: ___________________

From Quiz The Livonian Crisis

Answer: Ivan the Terrible & Ivan IV & Tsar Ivan IV & Tsar Ivan the Terrible

Ivan IV was certainly one of history's more interesting characters. He launched numerous wars of expansion, especially against the Kazan and Astrakhan Tartars, the Lithuanians and the Livonians. He faced considerable domestic resistance, namely from the Metropolitan Sylvester, Adayeev and Prince A.M. Kurbsky. Ivan's eventual reaction earned him his moniker: in what has been described as a civil war without formal opposition Ivan's elite regiments devastated Novgorod and Pskov, slaughtering the inhabitants and devastating the countryside. Some modern scholars believed Ivan to have suffered from mental illness; Soviet scholars used his campaigns to justify Soviet expansionism - strong overtones of this are seen in the three Soviet era films about Ivan's life. He remains largely enigmatic.

24. Starting in Slovakia, one of the most important lost territories of Hungary. The present capital Bratislava was called _______ in Hungarian?

From Quiz Hungarian Names of East European Cities

Answer: Pozsony

Slovakia and Carpatho-Ukraine were both lost to Czechoslovakia after WW1. Both Slovakia, Vojvodina (Yugoslavia) and Transylvania (Romania) still have large Hungarian minorities.

25. Starting in Croatia, what was the German name of the Croatian capital, Zagreb?

From Quiz German Names of East European Cities 2

Answer: Agram

Zagreb was founded in 1093. It was destroyed by the Mongols in 1242. It was rebuilt and was capital of Croatia-Slavonia 1718-1918.

26. Starting in Estonia. The capital Tallinn was called ______ in German?

From Quiz German Names of East European Cities

Answer: Reval

Tallinn was established in the 10th century. In 1219 it was conquered by the Danes. Its name originally meant "the Danish city". Then it was German 1285-1561, Swedish 1561-1710, before Peter the Great conquered it in 1710.

27. __________ brilliantly represented defeated France at the Congress of Vienna.

From Quiz The Concert of Europe 1815-1914

Answer: Talleyrand & talleyrand

Talleyrand, an excellent diplomat, secured excellent terms for the new France of Louis XVIII. Of course, Europe had learned its lesson: in order to keep Bonapartists and war-hawks out of power in France they understood concessions would have to be made to the defeated state. However, they didn't take any chances: France's borders were restored to pre-Revolutionary status; the Netherlands were greatly strengthened and Prussia was awarded Westphalia so both could act as a defensive block against eastward French expansion.

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