30. Located near the Bay of Bengal, Chittagong is one of the world's oldest ports, and the second-largest city in which densely-populated Asian country?
From Quiz Ships Ahoy!
Answer:
Bangladesh
Located in southeastern Bangladesh, on the mouth of the Karnaphuli River, which forms a natural harbour near the Bay of Bengal, Chittagong (officially Chattogram) is one of the world's oldest ports. This large city is the busiest international seaport on the Bay of Bengal, and also the largest base of the Bangladesh Navy and Coast Guard. The Bengali name of the city, Chattogram, is believed to mean "village of the lamp" (probably related to the spread of Islam in the area in the 9th century), while the name "Chittagong", according to a widespread legend, comes from Arakanese (a language closely related to Burmese), and means "to make war is improper". What is now Chittagong was already known as an important seaport in ancient times, appearing on the world map compiled by Roman geographer Claudius Ptolemy in the 2nd century AD. Other famous travelers of the Middle Ages, including Ibn Battuta, commented about the site's beauty, its fertile surroundings, and impressive natural harbour. Medieval Chittagong, which was part of the Sultanate of Bengal, was a hub for trade of valuable goods with other parts of Asia and East Africa, as well as an important shipbuilding centre. In the mid-16th century, Chittagong ended under Portuguese control, and over a century later was conquered by the Mughal rulers of Bengal.
At the end of the 18th century, the city, like the rest of Bengal, was taken over by the British East India Company. World War II took a heavy toll on the city, and even worse damage came with the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971: at the end of the war, the Soviet Navy took almost a year to clear the harbour of mines. Now Chittagong has regained at least part of its status, generating a substantial share of Bangladesh's national GDP. An ethnically diverse city, Chittagong is plagued by widespread poverty and environmental issues, many of them related to its controversial ship breaking industry.