Answer: Deus Ex Machina
The dictionary definition of this reads: "any active agent who appears unexpectedly to solve any insoluble difficulty". The phrase basically means that the gods step in to settle disputes between people at unexpected times. "Deus ex Machina" was the name of the crane used to lower the gods onto the stage of the ancient Greek theatre. In the modern theatre, "deus ex machina" basically means an easy answer to a problem, which is what the treasure chest is. Peter's bet on the dodgeball match increased his cash flow so much that he is able to buy the controlling stock of Globo-Gym. The other phrases mean "In many, one", "Buyer, beware", and "Always wear underwear".