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1. There was a highly structured social system in Saint-Domingue. At the top were the white wealthy slave-holding plantation owners. On the next rung were the middle class, skilled workers, and artisans. A third level also existed, just above those enslaved. What was this rung called?
2. France controlled the entire economy of Saint-Domingue. All imports and exports had to come from or go to France. The plantation owners wanted a wider market. The new French republic's assembly was more liberal and anti-slave, a situation that made Hispaniola plantation owners nervous. What was NOT one of the commodities exported to France?
3. In October 1790, an affranchis traveled to France to petition the General Assembly to grant more freedoms and access to affranchis in Saint-Domingue. The Assembly agreed; however the new reforms were never implemented. Angered, this man led an unsuccessful revolt against the French colonial government. What was his name?
4. In 1791, a former slave named Toussaint l'Ouverture led an uprising of slaves against the planters. By 1792, they controlled one-third of the island. What country sent forces in 1793 to conquer the island?
5. Toussaint l'Ouverture had been granted his freedom from his owner, who had taught him to read and write. By 1801, l'Ouverture had expanded the revolt beyond Saint-Domingue and defeated the Spanish in Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic). What did he then declare himself to be for the rest of his "glorious" life?
6. With the end of the French Revolution in 1799, Napoleon noticed l'Ouverture's overly zealous moves in Saint-Domingue. He sent his brother-in-law and 43,000 troops to capture l'Ouverture, restore French domination, and reinstitute slavery. Who was Napoleon's brother-in-law?
7. One of l'Ouverture's generals, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, carried the revolution forward. The French were having their own troubles at home. The Louisiana Purchase in 1803 not only evinced France's withdrawal from North America, it also illustrated the state of the French treasury. Additionally, there was the renewal of hostilities with Britain. So, the revolution in Saint-Domingue was not a priority to Napoleon. What was the name of the battle which resulted in a final defeat of France?
8. On January 1, 1804, Haiti became an independent nation. What country was the first to recognize Haiti's independence?
9. In 1806, Dessalines was killed. General Henry Christophe took control and declared himself King Henry I. He built an imposing palace and fortress. What was the name of his palace?
10. Who was the first democratically-elected president of Haiti?
Source: Author
ncterp
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