Ottoman Empire Trivia

1. The beginning of the Tulip Era in the Ottoman Empire coincides with the signing of a treaty in 1718. What was the name of the treaty?

From Quiz Tales of Tulips

Answer: Treaty of Passarowitz

It was a time that signaled the end of war and defeat for the Ottoman Empire. One of their worse military losses ever had been suffered at the hands of Austria. Signed on July 21, 1718, the Treaty of Passarowitz ended the Austro-Turkish War of 1716-1718 between the Ottoman Empire who fought against the Habsburg Monarchy of Austria and the Republic of Venice. While the Ottomans had been successful in gaining land from Venice during the war, they had lost part of modern-day Serbia to the Habsburgs. Serbia was consequently made a crown land in the Habsburg Empire, while the Ottomans gained the Peloponnese in Greece, as well as Crete and other Greek islands and some cities on the mainland. The signing of the treaty began the Tulip Era in the Ottoman Empire, which is also known as Lâle Devri, as a way for the Ottoman Emperor to boost morale.

From Quiz The Rise and Fall of the Ottoman Empire

Answer: 1299

Osman I was the founder of the Ottoman state. He became the leader of the Ottomans after his father died in 1281, but it wasn't until 1299 that he declared their independence. After that, Osman focused on attacking the weakened Byzantine areas in Asia Minor, until his death in 1326.

From Quiz Ottoman Empire

Answer: Aden

Governed by British as part of India 1839-1937, made crown colony 1937. Increased greatly in importance as coaling station and transshipment point after the opening of the Suez Canal 1869.

From Quiz The Ottoman Sultans

Answer: the Sot

Selim II was a big-time drunk. He ruled from 1566 to 1574.

From Quiz Early Days of the Ottoman Empire

Answer: Eurasian

These nomads were agriculturalists, herders, and some merchants.

From Quiz The Ottoman Turks

Answer: Anatolia

Most historians believe that the people who became known as the Ottoman Turks left Central Asia during the period of Mongol invasions in the 1200s, and settled in the western part of Anatolia, which is approximately modern-day Turkey. Over time the Ottoman Empire stretched from North Africa, Western Asia, and Southern and Eastern Europe. At the peak of their power in 1683, the Ottomans ruled approximately 2 million square miles (5.2 square kilometers) of territory - an estimated 4% of the world's land, comparable in size to the ancient empire of Alexander the Great.

From Quiz The Rise and Fall of the Ottoman Empire

Answer: Battle of Bapheus

The battle of Bapheus, an area between the cities of Nicaea and Nicomedia in Bithynia, took place in 1302 and resulted in an Ottoman victory. After the battle, the Byzantines lost their grip in Bithynia and in the next few decades they were slowly driven out of the area. The siege of Prusa (present-day Bursa) in 1326 was the last campaign Osman participated in before his death, while Constantinople wasn't besieged by the Ottomans until the 15th century. The battle of Manzikert was an important battle between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Turks in 1071, before the rise of the Ottoman state.

From Quiz Ottoman Empire

Answer: Egypt

Independent 1922.

From Quiz The Ottoman Sultans

Answer: Suleiman I

Suleiman I was sultan during the heyday of the Ottoman Empire (1520-1566) and is also known as Suleiman the Magnificent.

From Quiz Early Days of the Ottoman Empire

Answer: Mongols

From Quiz The Ottoman Turks

Answer: Osman

While it was Osman's father, Ertuğrul, who led that exodus of the Ottomans from Central Asia, it was Osman who is credited with being the founder of the Ottoman dynasty. In fact, some believe Osman's birth name was actually the Turkish "Ataman", so it's easy to see how his Turks were named. The name Osman, Arabic in origin, was probably adopted later in life. Osman, who ruled c.1299-1323, is considered to be the first sultan of the Ottoman Empire, although the title of "sultan" was not used until later.

From Quiz Tales of Tulips

Answer: First Ottoman language printing press

The printing press itself had been introduced in Istanbul in the late 1400s; the problem, however, was that all of the works that were published there were either in Greek, Hebrew, or Armenian. Ibrahim Muteferrika was a man of many different abilities - he was an astronomer, historian, scholar, economist, and more. While he was working as a diplomat, he began to collect books. In 1726 he received permission from the Grand Vizier and Sultan to print non-religious books. The first book printed by his press was "Vankulu Lügati", which was a 2-volume Arabic-Turkish dictionary. Even though his books were scholarly and scientific in nature, Muteferrika's press met with much opposition by people who made their living copying books, and by 1742 his printing enterprise was closed. The Ottoman language was commonly called Turkish. It was a derived from the Persian and Arabic languages, and used about 88% borrowed words, but was written with the Ottoman Turkish alphabet. Ottoman Turkish was the language of the upper class, and was not understood by the common people, who used what was called "raw Turkish".

From Quiz Ottoman Empire

Answer: Transjordan

Now the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.

From Quiz The Ottoman Sultans

Answer: Osman I

From Western Anatolia, this Turkish chieftan united different tribes in their quest to gain possesions from the crumbling Byzantine Empire.

From Quiz Early Days of the Ottoman Empire

Answer: Earth & Fire & Water & Air

These were very simple pagan gods that the turks worshipped.

From Quiz The Ottoman Turks

Answer: Bey

The word "bey" was Turkish and meant "tribal leader"; a bey ruled a beylik, which was a small principality. As more Turkish groups fled the Mongol invasions, there was eventually an estimated twelve beyliks in the western part of modern-day Turkey. The people called Ottoman Turks today, led by their bey, Ertuðrul, established themselves in Söðüt. The area around the town was actually controlled by the Seljuk Turks at the time, and was located on the outer fringes of the Byzantine Empire. It is believed that Ertuðrul's son, the founder of the Ottoman Empire, was born in Söðüt sometime around 1254. Over time, as other titles were used, a bey became a title for a military or administrative officer. The more commonly known title of the Ottoman emperor, "sultan", was adopted sometime in the 1000s.

From Quiz Tales of the Janissary

Answer: Sultan

Janissaries were taught to consider their group as their family; while the Sultan owned the Janissaries who were known as "kapikulu", or "door slaves", they were also considered to be members of his family and he was their father. The main expectation of the group was to be loyal to him, and serve as his bodyguards and household troops. Their pay was authorized by the Sultan, who, dressed as a Janissary trooper, would visit their barracks on payday, receiving his pay as well. In times of peace, Janissaries would serve as policemen, firemen, and, of course, guards of the royal palace. During wartime, they were led by the Sultan himself and, as the only infantry troops in the army, protected him during battle.

From Quiz The Ottoman Empire Under Suleiman I

Answer: Baghdad

These wars occurred early in the time of the Safavid dynasty, which would rule Persia for more than two hundred years. It was natural that the Ottomans and the Safavids would oppose each other, given their close proximity. Making matters worse, the Safavids were pursuing an alliance with the hated Habsburgs, and assassinated one of their own governors for being friendly toward Suleiman. Suleiman's Grand Vizier, Ibrahim Pasha, launched the first campaign of the war in 1532. The Safavid shah, Tahmasp I, withdrew his troops ahead of the Pasha, burning fields and villages in a scorched-earth strategy. Nevertheless, the Ottomans took Baghdad (now the capital of Iraq) and would hold it for eighty-nine years. This was a vital link in the sultans' quest for legitimacy as Islamic caliphs; the Abbasid caliphate had been based in Baghdad.

From Quiz The Ottoman Sultans

Answer: Tsar Nicholas I

The Tsar used this phrase when talking to the British ambassador during a state dinner. On another occasion he used the expression of the Austrian Empire ... It is possible, however, that the phrase is older.

From Quiz Early Days of the Ottoman Empire

Answer: 900s

The Arabs of the Islamic Caliphate were led by Seljuk Chieftains. The Seljuks later came to rule over the lands of the Islamic Caliphate.

From Quiz The Ottoman Turks

Answer: Constantinople

As the empire ruled by the Ottoman Turks expanded, they moved closer and closer to the land that had been claimed by the Byzantine Empire. When the Byzantine city of Bursa fell in 1326, it signaled the end of Byzantine control in northern Turkey. As Ottoman expansion continued to be successful, it wasn't very long before the conquest of the city of Constantinople became a reasonable objective; the city had been gravely weakened during the Fourth Crusade and hadn't really recovered. In addition it is estimated that the Black Death that ravaged Europe from 1346-49 killed about half of the city's population. The Ottoman leader, Mehmed II, known as Mehmed the Conqueror, took advantage of a disagreement between the eastern and western Christian churches and the fact that he had at his disposal a huge cannon that would shoot 1200-pound cannon balls. The siege of the city lasted for 53 days before it was taken. Mehmed II made Constantinople his new capital. Many different names were used for the city during Ottoman rule, but eventually it became known as Istanbul.

From Quiz Tales of the Janissary

Answer: Infantry archers

After completing their seen-year period of indoctrination and service, during which time they also served as laborers for the family with whom they lived, the Janissary-in-training would be taken to a training camp. Here his skills would be assessed and he could be placed in a number of situations. The very intelligent would be sent for further education, some who were more advanced than others might be selected for different Janissary corps, and others would have another six years of specialized training. While training in the use of a variety of weapons was given, Janissaries initially became expert archers and the bow became their main weapon. Originally they did not comprise the largest number of fighters in the Sultan's army - that division was the cavalry unit. It is estimated that in the 1300s about 1000 Janissaries were in the Ottoman army, and by the late 1400s the number rose to about 6,000. Of course, when firearms became available, Janissaries also became competent in their use; in fact, it didn't take as long to train a soldier to use a firearm as it did to become an excellent archer. Other training involved learning to use swords, daggers, axes, and pole weapons. In the Ottoman army, the Cebeci formed a corps responsible for the upkeep and transport of weapons, and the Derbendjis guarded roads, mountain passes, and other important locations.

From Quiz Tales of Tulips

Answer: Ahmed III

Ahmed III was the son of Sultan Mehmed IV and his Greek wife, Emetullah Rabia Gülnuş Sultan, and ruled the Ottoman Empire for twenty-seven years from 1703-1730. Although Ottoman territory had been lost in the Treaty of Passarowitz, his army had been able to gain land previously lost, as well as conquer part of Persia. His reign is best known, however, because of the Tulip Era, during which time his daughter, Fatma Sultan, and her husband, the Grand Vizier, were allowed to initiate many cultural changes in the Ottoman court. After working for fifteen years to solidify his claim to the throne, it appears that Ahmed III was ready to sit back, relax, and let his son-in-law and daughter rule. In fact, some sources even believe Fatma Sultan was the real ruler of the Tulip Era.

From Quiz The Rise and Fall of the Ottoman Empire

Answer: Serbia

After the fall of Constantinople, Mehmed planned to conquer Hungary, but at that time the Serbian monarch Durad Brankovic refused to pay tribute. The Ottoman forces invaded Serbia and besieged Belgrade unsuccessfully in 1456. While securing Serbia in 1459, the Despotate of Morea did not pay tribute and revolted against the Ottoman Empire. The same thing happened in Wallachia in 1462, forcing Mehmed to lead his forces against Vlad the Impaler.

From Quiz The Ottoman Empire Under Suleiman I

Answer: Barbarossa

"Barbarossa" is Italian for "red beard", the nickname was given to Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I as a sign of respect. Hayreddin Pasha's older brother, Baba Aruj, also had a red beard, and picked up the nickname as a Europeanization of his Turkish name; when he died, the name stuck to his younger brother. Hayreddin Pasha Barbarossa (c. 1478-1546) was a phenomenally skilled admiral and privateer. His efforts in the Mediterranean were crucial in the Ottoman fight against the Habsburgs, and were a cornerstone of the anti-Habsburg alliance between the Ottomans and the French. Among his efforts, he assisted the flight of tens of thousands of Moors from southern Spain, which had become deeply hostile to them after the Christian conquest.

From Quiz Ottoman Empire

Answer: Iran

Deposed Kajar shahs and proclaimed Reza Shah Pahlavi 1925.

From Quiz The Ottoman Sultans

Answer: Sultan Ibrahim

He had them all tied up in sacks and thrown into the Bosporus.

From Quiz Early Days of the Ottoman Empire

Answer: Horse Archers

If any of you have played Age of Empires 2, the game is misleading in its classification of Janissaries. Janissaries were acutally clave warriors that used scimitars instead of hand cannons.

From Quiz The Ottoman Turks

Answer: Suleiman

Suleiman was also the longest-ruling leader of the Ottoman Turks, serving for almost 46 years from 1520-66. He was quite a magnificent conqueror, and that sobriquet was given to him by people in the West. He amassed an empire that was located on three continents, and covered approximately 877,888 square miles, making Suleiman one of the most powerful rulers in Europe at the time. His reign is considered to represent the peak of the Ottoman Empire. Suleiman's own people, however, called him "Kanuni", or "The Lawgiver". His legal reforms created more of a balance between the sultan's law (Kanun) and the Sharia, or religious law. It was a difficult task to create new laws that did not diminish the importance of Islamic religious laws, but his code, commonly called the Ottoman Laws, was used for three hundred years.

From Quiz Tales of the Janissary

Answer: Military marching band

Considered to be the first military marching band in the world and known by a variety of terms, the existence of Janissary "mehters" was first mentioned in the 13th century. The term "mehter" is typically used to describe only one of the musicians in a group; it is believed that the first mehter was sent as a gift to Osman I, the founder of the Ottoman Empire. Over time, Janissaries were the musicians who made up the band, and the music they played was known as Janissary music. Featuring drums, cymbals, bells, and horns, the band (mehterhane) even influenced European composers, such as Mozart and Beethoven.

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Last Updated Oct 26 2024 5:48 AM

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