Who granted the Niepce brothers a patent for their Pyreolophore internal combustion engine in 1807?

The Emperor, Napoleon Bonaparte.

The Pyréolophore was a hydraulic engine seen as the world's first internal combustion boat motor. It ran on a mixture of coal dust and lycopodium (dry spores) powder. Experiments after being granted the patent looked at liquid fuels. The result was the world's first fuel injection system. Unfortunately, the French patent expired after 10 years. Claude Niépce travelled to England and subsequently received a patent from King George III in 1817. Despite this, he did not achieve success with the engine and died in 1828.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Ni%C3%A9pce