Artemisia I of Caria, queen of the city-state of Halicarnassus, a vassal state of the Persian Empire at the time. Artemisia was an ally of King Xerxes I of Persia and commanded a contingent of his fleet during the battle. Her participation in the battle was remarkable, as she was the only female commander in Xerxes' navy, and her strategic skills were highly regarded by both her allies and her enemies.
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