Answer: Walden
Thoreau abandoned the modern life of Massachusetts in the 1840s, and lived a frugal life in a log cabin near Walden Pond. His account of this was published as "Walden, or a Life in the Woods" although there is a popular misconception that the title is actually "On Walden Pond". The other two titles are also by Thoreau.
The movie quote slightly altered the word order, but the full quote was this: "I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. I did not wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to practise resignation, unless it was quite necessary. I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life, to live so sturdily and Spartan-like as to put to rout all that was not life, to cut a broad swath and shave close, to drive life into a corner, and reduce it to its lowest terms, and, if it proved to be mean, why then to get the whole and genuine meanness of it, and publish its meanness to the world; or if it were sublime, to know it by experience, and be able to give a true account of it in my next excursion."