15. If a couple decides to get married, one of the first things they must do is obtain a marriage license. When marriage licenses were first issued in 14th-century England, what was the usual reason one was required?
From Quiz First Comes Love, Then Comes Marriage
Answer:
To speed up the wedding date
The Church, not the civil authorities, were in charge of marriages in medieval times. When a couple wanted to get married, it was required that the impending marriage be announced from the pulpit of the parish church for three successive Sundays before the marriage took place. This practice was called "reading the banns." Its purpose was to allow anyone who objected to the marriage to make his or her reasons known.
If the couple wanted to skip this three week waiting period, they could apply for a license from the local bishop or archbishop for a license that would allow them to marry immediately. Those applying for a license had to pay a fee, swear that there were no legal impediments to the marriage, and post a bond that would be forfeited if the marriage later turned out to be invalid. For example, William Shakespeare applied for a license to marry Anne Hathaway on November 27, 1582, and a bond of forty pounds was posted as surety by two of his friends. There was good reason for him doing so; Anne was already pregnant, and no marriages were allowed between Advent Sunday (December 2) and mid-January. Many of these early licenses were probably issued to couples in similar circumstances.
Eventually, civil authorities assumed control over marriages, and most states made a marriage license a requirement for a valid marriage. When a couple applies for a marriage license, they are basically swearing that they are free to enter into a marriage and meet all the legal requirements to be married in the jurisdiction where they make the application. They will also, of course, be required to pay a fee.