17. History. What was the name of the mini-state existing between 1816 and 1920, and nowadays fully absorbed by Belgium?
From Quiz Belgium in Twenty Categories
Answer:
Neutral Moresnet
The history of Neutral Moresnet is quite astounding. After Napoleon's defeat, the victorious countries (Austria, Prussia, Russia and England) redesigned the map of Europe with vague hopes of eliminating future conflicts. To deny France the harbour of Antwerp, they decided to create an independent nation (the Netherlands) which took up roughly what nowadays is the Benelux region.
But there was a zinc spar mine in the region, and as there were only a few mines of that type, it had a tremendous strategic impact. So both the Netherlands and Prussia were eager to lay hands on this mine. As a compromise, the area of the mine and the housing of its employees (an area of roughly 3.5 square kilometres, and a population of 3,000) was declared a neutral and independent state. Neither Belgian independence from the Netherlands (1830) nor the independence of Luxembourg (1839) had any impact on the status of Neutral Moresnet.
When the mine became exhausted, the inhabitants of Neutral Moresnet sought means to keep their independence. There was a call to make Neutral Moresnet the first nation with Esperanto as national language, and a national anthem in Esperanto was prepared. Many inhabitants took courses in Esperanto, and the new name proposed for the country was Amikejo (translated: Friendship).
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