Knights Trivia

1. Which Pope confirmed the Teutonic Knights as a military order in 1198?

From Quiz The Teutonic Knights

Answer: Celestine III

Pope Celestine III is also remembered for excommunicating the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI for keeping Richard Lionheart as a captive and holding him to ransom.

From Quiz Dance of the Knights

Answer: 12th century

By the end of the 12th century, a clear social difference was established between the "milites gregarii," common war-faring horsemen, and "milites nobiles," or true knights. Future knights, almost exclusively the sons of knights or other well-to-do noblemen, were singled out during boyhood, at first becoming pages and then squires. After completing this apprenticeship, a squire was formally inducted into knighthood in a ceremony known as "dubbing" or "the accolade."

From Quiz The Knights Templar

Answer: 1118

The Military and Religious Order of the Poor Knights of the Temple of Jerusalem, to give them their full title, was founded in 1118 by Hugo de Payens and Godfrey de St Omar. There were three classes of membership: Knights - who were of noble birth. Seargents - who were not noble and who were the Stewards and Grooms. Clerics- who attended to Religious matters. Later other classes were added, in particular Craftsmen and Artisans, who dealt with all the practical matters like cooking, blacksmiths, armour repairs, veterinary needs, seeing to provisions, and the smooth running of the Templars' various estates.

From Quiz The Teutonic Knights

Answer: Hermann von Salza

Hermann von Salza (c. 1165-1239) was Grand Master of the Order from 1209-1238. He participated in the Fifth Crusade and was one of the counselors of Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, Holy Roman Emperor.

From Quiz Dance of the Knights

Answer: military duty, social life, and religious life

In the Middle Ages, the ideals of chivalry were closely related to those of honor, the achievement of which was the purpose of noble conduct. And despite the fact that the code of chivalry was influenced by Christian notions, it applied to members of other religions as well: the Muslim, Saladin, the first Sultan of Egypt and Syria, was regarded by medieval writers and historians as a chivalrous figure.

From Quiz The Knights Templar

Answer: Protection of trade routes and pilgrims

The original function of the Knights was to protect the trade and pilgrim route from the Mediterranean to Jerusalem. The Knights Templar, as the military arm, protected the route, and the Knights Hospitaller, a separate order founded around 600AD, tended to the medical needs of the pilgrims, many of whom arrived in Jerusalem in an exhausted condition after their long pilgrimage. Based in a wing of the Royal Palace of King Baldwin I of Jerusalem, they quickly became the mainstay of his private army as the armies who had liberated Jerusalem left to return to their own countries. This reliance led to rivalry between The Templars and The Hospitallers.

From Quiz The Teutonic Knights

Answer: Montfort

Montfort Castle defended the route between the Mediteranean Sea and Jerusalem. The castle was built almost entirely by the Teutonic Knights with contributions from pilgrims and the Pope. Eventually it was conquered by the Mamluks at the end of the 13th century.

From Quiz The Knights Templar

Answer: Benedictine

Although they began as part of the Benedictine Order, as interpreted by the Cistercians, they quickly became independent, answering only to the Pope. Throughout the twelfth and thirteenth centuries they built on their power base, and a series of Papal Bulls made them into Papal Princes. At the same time they were granted huge amounts of land and property by monarchies and aristocratic families, especially in France, often in lieu of manpower. This made them financially independent, and they enjoyed a very high standard of living.

From Quiz The Teutonic Knights

Answer: The Virgin Mary

The patron saint of the Order is revealed by the official Latin name of the order: "Ordo domus Sanctæ Mariæ Theutonicorum Hierosolymitanorum" (Engl. "Order of the Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem"). Also, many of the Order's settelments were named Marienburg.

From Quiz The Knights Templar

Answer: Cyprus

At the end of the thirteenth century the Saracens regained Jerusalem, and no European country was willing to commit the men and money needed to attempt to take it back, despite many calls from the Pope to do so. As a result of this the Knights were forced out of the Holy Land. The Templars established new Headquarters on Cyprus, while the Hospitallers went to Rhodes.

From Quiz The Teutonic Knights

Answer: Andrew II

Andrew II was directly interested in defending the south-eastern border of Transylvania that was raided by the Cumans, a people of Turkic origin. Burzenland, which should *not* be confused with Burgenland (for centuries a part of western Hungary and now in Austria), was an area in south-east Transylvania, around Brasov, near the border with Wallachia.

From Quiz The Knights Templar

Answer: King Philip the Fair

By the beginning of the fourteenth century King Philip the Fair was in need of money. The Knights had refused him a permanent loan and he was jealous of their power and riches, and also feared that they could become a threat to his own position. In 1307 he invited the Grand Masters of the Templars and Hospitallers to France to discuss the future of the Orders, saying that as there was no likelihood of another Crusade he wanted to consider their future role. The Hospitallers failed to attend as they were fighting the Greeks on Rhodes at the time. Jacques de Molay, Grand Master of The Templars, arrived in Paris, was met with all appropriate honours and courtesy, but three days later was arrested. At the same time Philip also had all Templars in France arrested. He also obtained a Papal injunction to arrest all members of the Order throughout Europe, and to seize their lands and property. Jacques de Molay and all his followers were handed over to the Inquisition. These actions meant that the French monarchy solved its financial problems for some considerable time to come.

From Quiz The Teutonic Knights

Answer: Conrad of Mazovia

The so-called Prussian Crusade lasted for more than 50 years and ended with the forcible christianization of the Old Prussians by fire and the sword, but many revolts broke out against the Teutonic rulers in the following decades. The Old Prussians were an indigenous ethnic group living in what later became East Prussia and they spoke a Baltic (Balto-Slavic) language which is extinct.

From Quiz The Knights Templar

Answer: Burnt at the stake

At his trial Jacques de Molay confessed under torture to perjury, idolatry, witchcraft and just about anything else the Inquisition wanted him to confess to. Even then King Philip was not sure enough of his ground to have him executed immediately. After about a year the Pope re-asserted his authority, and Philip agreed to return the Templar holdings to the Church, but levied a fee for "estate management" during the time the monarchy had held them, ensuring that the Templar's wealth remained under his control. By this time public opinion had swung against the Templars, who had virtually ceased to exist as an Order, so the holdings were given to the Hospitallers, but the fee almost bankrupted them. In 1314, seven years after his arrest, Jacques de Molay was burnt at the stake along with several of his former Preceptors. At his execution he recanted his confessions, and cursed both the King and the Pope, saying that they would follow him in death within the year - a prophecy which came true.

From Quiz The Teutonic Knights

Answer: The Battle of Lake Peipus

The Teutonic Order was defeated by the Novgorod army led by Alexander Nevsky. This was the only instance of the Teutonic Order penetrating Russian Orthodox lands, and it was unsuccessful. The Battle of Peipus, also known as the Battle on the Ice, has been much mythologized in Russian popular culture After(and propaganda) and is the subject of the famous film by Sergei Eisenstein "Alexander Nevsky" (1938).

From Quiz Dance of the Knights

Answer: Hundred Years' War

Ironically, during the Hundred Years' War (1337-1453), the evolution of military tactics shifted emphasis from the cavalry to the crossbow, which helped lead the English to victory in the all-important Battle of Agincourt.

From Quiz The Knights Templar

Answer: Cressing Temple Barns

Cressing was the first grant of land given to the Templars in England. The site now consists of the two finest Templar barns in Europe, the timbers of which have been carbon dated to the twelfth century. There is also a Templar Well, farm buildings and a later Tudor walled garden on the site, which is now owned by Essex County Council.

From Quiz The Teutonic Knights

Answer: Jogaila

After converting to Christianity Jogaila became known as Wladislaw Jagiello. He married Queen Jadwiga of Poland and converted Lithuania to Christianity in 1387.

From Quiz The Knights Templar

Answer: Sicily

In 1522 the forces of Suleiman took Rhodes from the Hospitallers and they were forced to flee to Sicily. They stayed there until 1530 when Pope Clement VIII and King Charles I of Spain ordered them to Malta. They changed their name to the Knights of Malta and fought the many pirates that plagued shipping in that area.

From Quiz The Teutonic Knights

Answer: The Livonian Order

The Livonian Order still retained considerable autonomy after the inclusion from 1237. They brought Livonia, Courland, Samogitia and Estonia under Teutonic control. This corresponded roughly to much of modern Estonia and Latvia.

From Quiz The Knights Templar

Answer: The Revolutionary Government

The French Revolutionary Government seized their assets in France to help finance the revolution. That was not the end of their troubles, Napoleon conquered Malta in 1798, and the Knights were forced to leave the island. They were offered refuge in St Petersburg by The Emperor of Russia, where they stayed until 1834.

From Quiz The Teutonic Knights

Answer: The Battle of Grunwald

The coalition of Wladislaw Jagiello, King of Poland and Vytautas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, led to a major defeat of the Teutonic Knights commanded by the Grand Master Ulrich von Jüngingen, died in battle. The Battle of Grunwald marks the starting point of the territorial and military decline in the history of the order.

From Quiz The Knights Templar

Answer: Rome

In 1834 a revived Order called the Sovereign Military Order of Malta, establishd a new Headquarters in Rome. The Order has continued under that name ever since.

From Quiz The Teutonic Knights

Answer: Marienburg

Marienburg (Polish Malbork) is the greatest Gothic fortress in Europe. It was built from scratch by the Teutonic Order. Eventually, it was conquered by the Poles. Today is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

From Quiz The Teutonic Knights

Answer: 1525

Albert of Brandenburg destroyed the territorial base of the Order when he secularized its lands in Prussia. Albert became a duke and a vassal of his uncle, the King of Poland, Sigmund I Jagiello. The Teutonic Order still retained many properties scattered all over Europe, but the hearland of its power was lost forever. Ducal Prussia was the first country officially to adopt the Refomation and Albert of Brandenburg had the larger coins bearing his head inscribed 'Iustus ex fide vivit' (Engl. 'The just lives by faith') - a most unusual coin inscription.

From Quiz The Teutonic Knights

Answer: Napoleon

During the Napoleonic wars, Prussia suffered a severe defeat in 1806 and Napoleon was in a position to dissolve the Order and secularize its remaining possessions and distribute them to his allies.

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