Psychologists & Sociologists Trivia

1. Radical Behaviorism - Operant Conditioning - Box

From Quiz Best of the Best: Psychologists & Sociologists

Answer: B.F. Skinner

Burrhus Frederic Skinner was a proponent of the Radical Behaviorism school of thought; he believed that all behavior is learned, and the focus of study should be on a person's actions rather than mental state. One of Skinner's techniques, called operant conditioning, is based on a system of rewards and punishments for certain types of behavior. To demonstrate this method, he constructed the Skinner Box, which he used to study animal behavior based on the ability to train an animal to perform a certain task, while receiving some type of primary reinforcer, such as food.

From Quiz Psychologists & Sociologists

Answer: Sigmund Freud

Technically a psychoanalyst with training in neurology, Sigmund Freud is considered one of the founders of the field of psychology. He believed that people were driven by strong drives and was the first to write about transference, the Oedipal complex, and free association.

From Quiz Freud

Answer: psychoanalytic therapy

Freudian psychoanalysis refers to a specific type of treatment in which the "analysand" (patient being analyzed) verbalizes thoughts, including free associations, fantasies, and dreams, from which the analyst formulates the unconscious conflicts causing the patient's symptoms and character problems, and interprets them for the patient to create insight for resolution of the problems.

From Quiz Pioneers In The Social Sciences

Answer: Sigmund Freud

He used dream interpretation to work out psychological problems such as hysteria and also worked on sexuality of infants.

From Quiz Lesser Known Psychologists

Answer: J.B. Rotter

Rotter wrote a text on social learning theory and first conceived of the construct, locus of control.

From Quiz Psychologists and Their Theories

Answer: Anna Freud

Anna Freud was the General Secretary of the International Psychoanalytic Association from 1927 to 1934 and Director of the Vienna Psychoanalytical Training Institute in 1935. This was an incredible accomplishment for a woman at a time when women in the sciences were often given little recognition. Of course, it didn't hurt that her father was the founder of psychoanalysis, Sigmund himself.

From Quiz Famous Psychologists

Answer: Freud

Probably the first person who comes to mind when one is asked to name a psychologist, though he was a psychoanalyst.

From Quiz Best of the Best: Psychologists & Sociologists

Answer: Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud founded a method of treating mental disorders called psychoanalysis. The relationship between the analyst and analysand, or client, is the key to this type of therapy; the analysand talks about whatever they want to talk about, a technique called free association, while the analyst listens in order to attempt to uncover information which may help in the client's recovery. Freud believed that dream interpretation was especially vital as it could help uncover the latent content of the dream to provide insights into the client's unconscious mind.

From Quiz Psychologists & Sociologists

Answer: Ivan Pavlov

Ivan Pavlov, born in Russia in 1849, was a pioneer scholar of the reflex system. His most famous experiment involved making particular sounds whenever feeding his dogs; the dogs eventually began salivating when they heard the sounds, before seeing or smelling any food. One of his dogs was preserved by a taxidermist and resides at the Pavlov Museum in Ryazan, Russia.

From Quiz Which Sociologist Wrote this Book?

Answer: Emile Durkheim

Emile Durkheim is one of the classic authors in sociology. Born in 1858 in France he became head of the first European department of sociology - at the University of Bordeaux in 1895. Other famous studies of Durkheim include "Rules of the Sociological Method" and "The Division of Labour in Society" and "Suicide". Durkheim is known for his holistic and structural functionalistic approach.

From Quiz Freud

Answer: Príbor, Moravia, Austrian Empire

Sigmund Freud was actually born in Príbor (German: Freiberg in Mähren), Moravia, Austrian Empire, which is now located in the Czech Republic, but he studied in Vienna.

From Quiz Pioneers In The Social Sciences

Answer: Erik Erickson

Those stages are: the oral stage, anal stage, locomotor, latency, adolescence, young and middle adulthood and maturity.

From Quiz Lesser Known Psychologists

Answer: Rokeach

The Rokeach Value Survey was first suggested in the 1968 work, "Beliefs, attitudes, and values" and finalised in the 1973 book, "The Nature of Human Values". The scale is used to establish the "guiding principles" of the lives of the subjects. Though the scale has been modified in an attempt to simplify it several times, the original RVS has produced the most consistent results.

From Quiz Psychologists and Their Theories

Answer: Albert Bandura

After receiving his Ph.D. in psychology from the University of Iowa in 1952, he proceeded to conduct the famous 'Bobo Doll Studies.' He showed that kids who watch adults beat up a doll will then proceed to beat the doll up themselves. Or maybe he just proved that everyone likes to beat up on Bobo.

From Quiz Famous Psychologists

Answer: Skinner

B.F. Skinner was the founder of the school of behaviorism, which has made many important contributions to fields as diverse as education, animal training and workplace psychology.

From Quiz Best of the Best: Psychologists & Sociologists

Answer: Jean Piaget

Jean Piaget, a pioneer in the study of cognitive development in children, was able to show not only that young children think differently than adults, but also that individuals move through stages of learning development that increasingly become more complex. Each child, he believed, has a mental representation, or knowledge, of the world, which is called a schema. As children develop, they acquire new information through assimilation, when an existing schema is able to deal with a new object, or idea, or accommodation, when the schema must change to deal with the new idea or object. Throughout one's lifetime, Piaget believed there are four stages of learning development, which include sensorimotor (infancy), preoperational (toddler-early childhood), concrete operational (elementary-early adolescence), and formal operational (adolescence-adulthood).

From Quiz Which Sociologist Wrote this Book?

Answer: Das Kapital

"The Condition of the Working Class in England" was written by Friedrich Engels, "Argonauts of the Western Pacific" by Bronislaw Malinowski and "The Open Society and Its Enemies" by Sir Karl Popper. "Capital" is the most famous work of Karl Marx and a study with great influence in many fields and in life. In short: in this book Marx develops his most detailed critical analysis of capitalism.

From Quiz Freud

Answer: cocaine

If anyone has read Freud's 'Interpretation of Dreams' this explains his long tangential statements.

From Quiz Pioneers In The Social Sciences

Answer: Auguste Comte

He was the first one to ever talk about 'sociology' as the study of societies and interactions between them and in them.

From Quiz Lesser Known Psychologists

Answer: Guilford

Guilford, a noted statistician, factor-analyzed intellect in a three dimensional model.

From Quiz Psychologists and Their Theories

Answer: Maslow

This Brooklyn born psychologist divided needs into four categories and then ranked them in order of what needed to be met first before moving on to the next step of the hierarchy. He said that physiological needs must be met before the needs for safety and security were addressed. Safety and security came before love and belonging, and love and belonging came before the esteem needs. Imagine that, you'd need to stop dying of thirst before you worried about what clique you'd fit into!

From Quiz Famous Psychologists

Answer: Pavlov

He trained dogs to salivate at the ring of a bell by ringing the bell every time he presented the dog with food. Soon the dog was 'conditioned' to drool at the sound of a bell.

From Quiz Best of the Best: Psychologists & Sociologists

Answer: Ivan Pavlov

Classical Conditioning, also called Respondent Conditioning, was the first types of learning models; it was formulated by Ivan Pavlov as he was studying the physiology of digestion using dogs. He found that dogs naturally salivated (unconditioned response) whenever they saw or smelled food (unconditioned stimulus). His experiment attempted to teach the dog to salivate (conditioned response) when he was presented with some other stimulus (conditioned stimulus), such as a sound from a tuning fork or a flash of bright light. Sound a bit ridiculous? If so, just take a moment and think of all of the conditioned stimuli that occur in our lives everyday - from the ringing of school bells, to the flashing of a red light, to seeing a stop sign, or to hearing a simple command like "Look out"!

From Quiz Psychologists & Sociologists

Answer: Carl Jung

Carl Jung was a Swiss psychologist who at one point was considered Freud's closest protegé. Jung contributed major concepts to the field of psychology, including that of the collective unconscious, introversion versus extroversion, and individuation in the therapeutic process.

From Quiz Which Sociologist Wrote this Book?

Answer: Pierre Bourdieu

"La Distinction" was published in 1979 in France. It is one of the most influential books in sociology and probably the book that best exemplifies Bourdieu's theory.

From Quiz Freud

Answer: id, ego and superego

According to Freud the Id is the instinctual part of a human's psychic apparatus that strives to satisfy basic human needs. The ego contains the conscious parts of one's awareness, as well as defense mechanisms and repressions that are used to mediate the id, superego, and the external world. The Superego is the part of the psychic apparatus that contains the conscience and the religious or spiritual ideals.

From Quiz Pioneers In The Social Sciences

Answer: Herbert Spencer

In societies, only the fittest survive, in this case, those are the rich people.

From Quiz Lesser Known Psychologists

Answer: Jung

Jung first wrote of these concepts and favored introverts in that they were usually the thinkers and creators.

From Quiz Psychologists and Their Theories

Answer: Clark Hull

He said that the most important role in behavior is need satisfaction. He also fancied himself a mathematician and designed his theoretic framework around postulates in mathematical form.

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