15. Against what powerful enemy did Joe Louis made a stand in his refusal to cave in to racism or thoughts of Aryan supremacy?
From Quiz Joe Louis: "The Greatest Boxer"
Answer:
Adolf Hitler
Noted author and member of the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes, described Louis's overall effect during the Depression and in World War II in these terms:
"Each time Joe Louis won a fight in those depression years, even before he became champion, thousands of colored Americans on relief or W.P.A., and poor, would throng out into the streets all across the land to march and cheer and yell and cry because of Joe's one-man triumphs. No one else in the United States has ever had such an effect on Negro emotions - or on mine. I marched and cheered and yelled and cried."
(Source: Langston Hughes, (2002). Joseph McLaren. ed. 'Autobiography: The Collected Works of Langston Hughes,' Vol. 14. Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press. at p. 307)
Joe Louis traveled extensively and often faced overt racism. Once, a military policeman commanded Louis to move his seat to the rear of an Alabama Army camp bus depot. Louis is reported to have declared, "We ain't moving." The MP wanted to arrest him, but Louis persuasively argued his way out of imprisonment. Similarly, once it is said that Louis was forced to try bribery in order to convince a commanding officer to drop charges against him for hitting an officer who called him a "nigger."