Turkish Government Trivia

1. When Mustafa Kemal was born in 1881, the Republic of Turkey was far from established. Of course, he lived under the rule of which centuries-old powerful empire?

From Quiz Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and Kemalism

Answer: The Ottoman Empire

Atatürk's main principles worked to overwrite many of the injustices that the Ottoman Empire was inflicting on its people. He also saw his country as in need of desperate reform. He would later change the parts of the Ottoman Empire that are now Turkey so much, that they would become virtually unrecognizable, a feat he is glorified for today.

From Quiz Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

Answer: Thessaloniki

He was born in Thessaloniki in 1881. His father was a minor government official and later on traded lumber. His mother raised Mustafa after his father died in 1888.

From Quiz Ataturk-Father Of The Turks

Answer: Salonika

He was born in Salonika, now part of Greece, in 1881.

From Quiz Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and Kemalism

Answer: Six Arrows

The six basic characteristics of the Republic of Turkey, all established by Atatürk, still hold strong today. They form the basic of Kemalist philosophy and ideology. They have been present as a part of grand reforms since September of 1923, a few weeks before the Republic was officially declared, on October 29, 1923.

From Quiz Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

Answer: 1905

He graduated on 11 January 1905, with the rank of major. His first posting was in Damascus, with the 5th Army. In 1907 he was promoted to senior major and stationed with the 3rd Army in Monastir/North Africa.

From Quiz Ataturk-Father Of The Turks

Answer: Perfect

Mustafa was given the name at Salonika's Military Secondary School.

From Quiz Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and Kemalism

Answer: The Sultanate

Atatürk was adamant about his first arrow, Republicanism or in Turkish, "cumhuriyetçilik". It gave the people the right to elect their leaders, as opposed to the tyrants and heirs that ruled the Ottoman Empire for centuries due to its principle of absolute monarchy. In addition, all leaders would have their decisions and actions reviewed extensively by judicial boards.

From Quiz Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

Answer: 19th Division

Mustafa Kemal was sent to Tekirdag, Thrace in early 1915, in order to form the 19th Division. This division stopped the Allied forces on 25 April 1915 at Gallipoli. He was promoted to the rank of Colonel after this victory.

From Quiz Ataturk-Father Of The Turks

Answer: Abdulhamid

Kemal was one of the group of revolutionaries who marched into Istanbul.

From Quiz Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and Kemalism

Answer: Populism

Populism is defined as striving to achieve the best for the national public; Mustafa Kemal believed that everyday Turks were the ultimate rulers of the country, and that their satisfaction and happiness was the most powerful factor in driving the country forward. This principle led to women's suffrage in 1930 for local elections, and later 1934 for all elections. Turkey was one of the foremost predominantly Islamic countries to grant women the right to vote.

From Quiz Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

Answer: Inspector-General of the Ottoman 9th Army

Mustafa Kemal went to Samsun on 19th May 1919, as the new Inspector-General of 9th Army. Disillusioned by the Sultan's "puppet government" in Constantinople, he decided to take up the fight for the freedom of the Turkish nation. This struggle continued until 1923.

From Quiz Ataturk-Father Of The Turks

Answer: Gallipoli Peninsula

In 1914, the Ottoman Empire entered WWI on the Central side. Despite decisive victories, such as the one at Gallipoli, the Ottoman Empire, along with Germany and Austria, lost to the Allies.

From Quiz Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

Answer: Sivas

The second Turkish National Congress was held in Sivas, in September 1919. This congress led, ultimately, to the end of the Ottoman Empire and confirmed the establishment of the Republic of Turkey. It was decided that, "The freedom of the nation will be restored, with the resolve and determination of the nation itself".

From Quiz Ataturk-Father Of The Turks

Answer: Ankara

Kemal won decisive battles against the Greeks and by August 1922, he had defeated the Greeks at two battlefields and recaptured Izmir.

From Quiz Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and Kemalism

Answer: Conservatism

The fourth arrow states that in order to improve the country, modernization must occur and traditional practices and values must be replaced with improved ones. This is the first of the arrows to deal predominately with social change and does not touch on politics or laws directly. Mustafa Kemal felt many traditional concepts and customs could be harmful to society, and saw conservatism and inflexibility as a danger to the country.

From Quiz Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

Answer: 29 October 1923

The Turkish National Assembly first convened on 23 April 1920 in Ankara. In reality there were now two governments (the sultan's government in Constantinople and the National Assembly in Ankara), administering the country from different places! He was elected president on 29 October 1923, in the new capital, Ankara.

From Quiz Ataturk-Father Of The Turks

Answer: October 29, 1923

The sultanate was abolished on November 1, 1922, and after the proclamation of the Republic, Kemal was hailed President. His main aim was to create a secular, modern republic on the ruins of the Ottoman Empire. He abolished the caliphate, introduced Western culture, declared Turkish to be written in Latin alphabet, and forbade the wearing of turbans or veils in public.

From Quiz Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

Answer: Sevres

The Treaty of Sevres severely restricted Ottoman sovereignty and was recognised only by the government of Sultan Muhammad VI, but rejected by Ataturk. After the final victory over the Greek Army and the overthrow of the sultan, Ataturk's government used this strategic leverage and negotiated the much less punitivie Treaty of Lausanne, which was signed in 1923. Turkey recovered several strategic areas, among them Eastern Thrace, some Aegean islands, the Izmir area and the important zone of the Bosphorus and Dardanelles Straits. The Straits had to remain demilitarised and are part of an international convention. Outside the the Straits Zone, the Turkish military faced no limitations whatsoever. The border with the newly established Iraq, however, wasn't settled until 1928.

From Quiz Ataturk-Father Of The Turks

Answer: The Six Arrows

These were republicanism, nationalism, populism, revolutionism, secularism, and government intervention in the economy. This program became known as Kemalism, distinct from the Soviet communism, and the Western capitalism.

From Quiz Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and Kemalism

Answer: Statism

Statism or "devletçilik" allowed government intervention by virtue of privatizing many industries and funding technological advancements and modernization, both of which Ataturk viewed as integral for the country's growth. Laïcité is a result of secularism, whereas Pan-Turkism is a result of Turkish Nationalism.

From Quiz Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

Answer: 1922

On 1 November 1922, the offices of the sultan and caliph, were separated from each other and the sultanate was abolished. It meant, Turkey was a secular state. The caliphate, that is the role of the sultan (or ex-sultan) as supreme spiritual head, was abolished in 1923.

From Quiz Ataturk-Father Of The Turks

Answer: Ataturk

In 1934, a law was passed, requiring all people to adopt a family name. Kemal took the name Ataturk - "Father of the Turks" - given to him by the Grand National Assembly, which replaced the parliament as the main law-making body.

From Quiz Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

Answer: Father of the Turks

The Turkish Grand Assembly gave the name "Ataturk", as a last name to Mustafa Kemal on 24 November 1934. Prior to this, Ottomans had no family names.

From Quiz Ataturk-Father Of The Turks

Answer: 1938

Ataturk had developed cirrhosis of the liver--a result of his heavy drinking habits.

From Quiz Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and Kemalism

Answer: Dolmabahçe Palace

Dolmabahçe has been visited by millions of tourists since Atatürk's death, and the room where he passed away is available for tourists to see. In honor of his death, all the clocks are paused at 9:05, the time of his passing.

From Quiz Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

Answer: Sheriat

The Sheriat (Islamic jurisprudence based on the Koran) had regulated all aspects of life in the Ottoman Empire and religious and state institutions had been completely intertwined. The religious schools (Medresses) were shut down, the traditional religious garments were outlawed and the Western calendar introduced. The nationalist government was eager to purge or purify the Turkish language of foreign (especially Arabic) words. It also adopted the Roman alphabet in place of the Arabic alphabet.

From Quiz Ataturk-Father Of The Turks

Answer: Ankara

Today, a mausoleum stands on his grave. He was succeeded by Prime Minister Ismet Inonu as president.

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Last Updated Oct 26 2024 5:47 AM

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