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Genes and Mutation Trivia Quiz

My first quiz (genes and cancer) provides a good background for this quiz, on everything to do with mutation.

A multiple-choice quiz by jimc. Estimated time: 6 mins.

Author
jimc

Time
6 mins

Type
Multiple Choice

Quiz #
87,483

Updated
May 29 22

# Qns
10

Difficulty
Difficult

Avg Score
5 / 10

Plays
1745

One at a Time - Single Page - Timed Game

Question 1 of 10

1. Which of these factors are associated with DNA damage? Hint

Alkylating agents

Free radicals

All of these

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Question 2 of 10

2. What is an oncogene? Hint

Genes that are mutated

Genes that cause cell death

Genes that have tumour suppressor activity

A gene whose normal activity promotes cell proliferation

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Question 3 of 10

3. If a part of a chromosome breaks and reattaches to another chromosome it is known as? Hint

Splicing

Amplification

Translocation

Hybridisation

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Question 4 of 10

4. Which of the following is a well documented translocation? Hint

ADE chromosome

Ps5

Boston chromosome

Philadelphia chromosome

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Question 5 of 10

5. What type of mutation does not change the sequence of the gene product? Hint

Non-coding

Quiescent

Non-sense

Silent

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Question 6 of 10

6. " A given gene undergoes a constant rate of molecular evolution" This is known as? Hint

Molecular Clock

Natural Selection

Evolution

Mutational selection

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Question 7 of 10

7. Why are male mutation rates higher than female? Hint

The Y chromosome is unstable

Greater number of germ cell divisions

More cells so more DNA

Men have only 1 X chromosome

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Question 8 of 10

8. Mutation and DNA damage can be repaired by the cell. Which of the following is not a type of DNA repair? Hint

Mis-match repair

Nucleotide excision repair

Specific exclusion repair

Direct repair

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Question 9 of 10

9. What is the consequence of a nonsense mutation? Hint

Prevents DNA replication

Codes for the wrong amino acid

Deletes promoter region

Introduces a stop codon

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Question 10 of 10

10. Why are nonsense mutations rare? Hint

Their presence prevents DNA replication

They only occur in certain types of DNA

Because their effect on survival is great

DNA Repair mechanisms easily spot this type of mutation

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Quiz Answer Key and Fun Facts

1. Which of these factors are associated with DNA damage?

Answer: All of these

DNA can be damaged by many different environmental factors. However the cell is well equipped to deal with damage, with many pathways in place to repair any faults.

2. What is an oncogene?

Answer: A gene whose normal activity promotes cell proliferation

Most oncogenes and their protein products are parts of cellular pathways. Non-mutated oncogenes or proto-oncogenes function in general to control cell proliferation e.g. promote production of proteins that stimulate cell growth.

3. If a part of a chromosome breaks and reattaches to another chromosome it is known as?

Answer: Translocation

Translocation is common in cancer. Hybidisation is binding of different sections of single stranded DNA. Splicing is removing specific section of DNA/RNA.

4. Which of the following is a well documented translocation?

Answer: Philadelphia chromosome

Philadelphia chromosome is common in chronic myeloid leukemia. It is formed from a section of DNA which breaks off from chromosome 9 and re-attaches to chromosome 20.

5. What type of mutation does not change the sequence of the gene product?

Answer: Silent

Silent mutations confer no advantages or disadvantages to the cell they originate in.

6. " A given gene undergoes a constant rate of molecular evolution" This is known as?

Answer: Molecular Clock

This was the theory that all genes are slowly but surely mutated over time. However many factors affect mutation of genes from G-C content of the gene to what type of organism it is.

7. Why are male mutation rates higher than female?

Answer: Greater number of germ cell divisions

All female germ cells (eggs) are formed by five months of foetal development. Males however are continually producing germ cells (sperm). Females have two sex chromosomes, X and X, males have one X and one Y chromosome.

8. Mutation and DNA damage can be repaired by the cell. Which of the following is not a type of DNA repair?

Answer: Specific exclusion repair

Direct repair specifically reverses DNA damage. Nucleotide excision repair removes abnormal bases and replaces them. Mismatch repair corrects mismatched DNA base pairs caused by errors in DNA replication.

9. What is the consequence of a nonsense mutation?

Answer: Introduces a stop codon

Stop codons are the site where the cell's protein producing machinery recognises the end of a protein. The presence of a stop codon in the middle of a gene would prevent its full length protein being produced.

10. Why are nonsense mutations rare?

Answer: Because their effect on survival is great

These mutations have a dramatic effect on gene function. Because of this the chances of a nonsense mutation being passed on to offspring and thus accumulation in the population is small.

Source: Author jimc

This quiz was reviewed by FunTrivia editor crisw before going online.
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