What was the original meaning of the negative word "rape" and what type of animal was named after this older meaning?

Violent Outrage was the original meaning.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_rape

A raptor was named after the older meaning - seize by force.

rape (v.)
c.1386, "seize prey, take by force," from Anglo-Fr. raper, O.Fr. raper "to seize, abduct," a legal term, from L. rapere "seize, carry off by force, abduct" (see rapid). L. rapere was used for "sexual violation," but only very rarely; the usual L. word being stuprum, lit. "disgrace." Sense of "sexual violation or ravishing of a woman" first recorded in Eng. as a noun, 1481 (the noun sense of "taking anything -- including a woman -- away by force" is from c.1400). The verb in this sense is from 1577. Rapist is from 1883.
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/rape

rap⋅tor  [rap-ter, -tawr]
–noun a raptorial bird.
Origin: 1600–10; < L raptor one who seizes by force, robber, equiv. to rap(ere) (see rape 1 ) + -tor -tor
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/raptor

Good serpa!

Alexander Pope's "The Rape Of Lock" tells of the cutting off and then taking of a lock of a lady's hair without her permission. No sexual crime is committed against her.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rape_of_the_Lock