How many cities in Canada are named for a European city?

Wikipedia has a page on cities in Canada. The definition of city differs by province. You can find our which ones are named after European cities on their pages.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Canada

Cities in Canada
159 cities, 222 villes in Quebec

51 Ontario
49 British Columbia
222 Quebec (villes)

17 Alberta
16 Saskatchewan
10 Manitoba
8 New Brunswick
3 Newfoundland and Labrador
2 Prince Edward Island
1 Northwest Territories
1 Nunavut
1 Yukon
0 Nova Scotia

On the other side of the coin, we have to look at the definition of cities in Europe.
This new OECD-EC definition identified 828 (greater) cities with an urban centre of at least 50 000 inhabitants in the EU, Switzerland, Croatia, Iceland and Norway. In addition, this methodology identified a further 492 cities in Canada, Mexico, Japan, Korea and the United States.
http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/focus/2012_01_city.pdf

This really does appear to be the sort of question that defies a definitive answer, for several reasons. One of these reasons includes the variation in the definition of "city"- in Canada, this is based on population, but varies by province (Québec's term "ville" covers both cities and towns), while some European (UK) cities are determined by the presence of a bishop's seat/cathedral church, not population. see http://www.thefreedictionary.com/City Another reason is the very dynamic political situation in Canada- many annexations, mergers, de-mergers, name changes, and status changes have occured, and these can be expected to continue. Yet another reason is the interactive nature of an individual person's given names and titles and the places that may have provided those names, and vice versa. For example, Halifax, Nova Scotia is named for the Earl of Halifax (George Montagu-Dunk, who in turn was given that title in relation to the [West] Yorkshire town (not city) of Halifax- but this shouldn't be interpreted to mean Halifax NS is therefore named for Halifax UK, or should it? Do they both still count as cities, or neither, since Halifax NS is now a regional municipality and Halifax UK is a Minster town? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halifax_Regional_Municipality, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halifax,_West_Yorkshire Some other cities in Canada are named for European places that aren't cities, like a castle (Calgary AB/Calgary, Mull, Scotland), a village-cum borough-cum neighbourhood within a borough (Edmonton AB/Edmonton, Enfield, London) a county (Cornwall, ON/Cornwall, England), or even the Latinised name of an island (Sarnia ON/Isle of Guernsey.

So, for the 100 largest-population urban-ish centres in Canada {populations ranging from over 2,000,000 to under 50,000 at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_100_largest_municipalities_in_Canada_by_population, by my count, there are European urban-ish counterparts for Edmonton AB, London ON, Windsor ON, Burlington ON, Sudbury ON, Whitby ON, Cambridge ON, Waterloo ON, Richmond Hill ON, Chatham ON, New Westminster BC, Woodstock ON, and Stratford ON- remarkably, 11 of these 13 in Ontario.

In my observation as a lifelong Canadian, for much smaller Canadian centres, localities, neighbourhoods, districts, etc., there would be thousands that have European counterparts. Even so, some aren't necessarily named for those older communities, but through the same toponymic processes- for example, Newmarket ON was literally named for a new market, not for Newmarket UK https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newmarket,_Ontario.