Question #148871. Asked by
Jacquilyn.
Last updated May 02 2022.
Originally posted Apr 29 2022 9:10 AM.
In March 1864, Ulysses Grant assumed command of all Union armies. In April, he ordered a continuation of the established policy of halting prisoner of war exchanges on the basis of the Confederates' mistreatment of African American soldiers of the U.S. army.
Grant stated that the murder of surrendering African American soldiers at Fort Pillow on April 12 motivated him to issue a formal demand that Black and White United States soldiers receive identical consideration in their treatment and exchange as prisoners by the Confederacy.
On April 17, Grant wrote to General Benjamin Butler - who was negotiating a resumption of prisoner exchanges - that "the status of colored prisoners" was a priority. He ordered that Butler should communicate the non-negotiable demand that "no distinction whatever will be made in the exchange between white and colored prisoners," that "the same terms as to treatment while prisoners and conditions of release and exchange must be exacted... in the case of colored soldiers as in the case of white soldiers." "Non-acquiescence by the Confederate authorities," Grant declared, "will be regarded as a refusal on their part to agree to the further exchange of prisoners."
Confederate Secretary of War James Seddon responded with a refusal of the terms. "I doubt," he said, "whether the exchange of negroes at all for our soldiers would be tolerated." Ominously, Seddon added, "As to the white officers serving with negro troops, we ought never to be inconvenienced with such prisoners."
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