The Taj Mahal is located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. Shah Jahan, the 5th Mughal emperor, had it built to house the tomb of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. After his death, Shah Jahan's tomb was also put there. It was completed in 1648. In 2007, it was named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.
2. France
The Eiffel Tower is located in Paris, France. It was named after Gustave Eiffel, the engineer who designed it. His company built it from 1887-1889. It was built for the World's Fair in 1889. At the time, it was the tallest man-made structure in the world. It is 1,083 feet (330 meters) tall.
3. China
The Great Wall of China goes from east (Shanhai Pass) to west (Jiayu Pass) in northern China. It is over 20,000 kilometers long. It took more than 2,000 years to build. It is not one big wall, but several fortifications. The wall was built to protect China from attack and preserve Chinese culture.
4. Peru
Manchu Picchu is in the Eastern Cordillera mountain range in the southern part of Peru. It is an Inca citadel from the 15th century. The Incas did not have a written language, so there are no written records of the creation of Manchu Picchu. However, it is believed it may have belonged to royalty, perhaps the Inca emperor Pachacuti.
5. Egypt
The largest pyramid in Egypt, the Great Pyramid of Giza was the tomb of pharaoh Khufu. It was built around 2600 BC and took about 26 years to complete. Of the original seven wonders of the world, this is the only one still standing today.
Inside there are three rooms. The lowest was the bedrock that it stands on. Then, there is also the Queen's Chamber and the King's Chamber. Khufu's tomb is still inside.
6. USA
The Statue of Liberty was a gift from France to the United States of America. It was designed by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, and the frame was built by Eiffel Tower architect, Gustave Eiffel.
On October 28, 1886, the statue was dedicated. In her left hand, she has a "tabula ansata" (tablet with handles) with July IV MDCCLXVI inscribed on it. This in Arabic numbers is July 4, 1776, the date of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. With her left foot, she is stepping on a broken chain and shackle to celebrate the abolition of slavery after the Civil War.
The Statue of Liberty is located on Liberty Island in New York City, NY.
7. Italy
The Leaning Tower of Pisa is in Pisa, Italy. It is not known who the designer was. It took almost 200 years to build. The foundation was started in 1173. In 1178, they began the second floor. The ground under it began to sink because it was built in unstable subsoil. Then, for almost a hundred years, construction stopped due to battles in the area. During the time of no construction, the soil also settled, which kept the tower from falling.
On December 27, 1233, construction resumed but stopped again in 1284, when the Pisans were defeated by the Genoese in the Battle of Meloria. In 1319, the seventh floor was finally completed. This was followed in 1372 with the bell-chamber being added. There are seven bells in the tower, one for each note on the major scale.
Over the years, attempts to straighten the tower, or at least keep it from toppling, have been made. In 1964, Italy asked for outside help to protect it from falling. At this point, because of the tourism it brought, they did not want to stop it from leaning, just keep it from leaning any further or collapsing. In 1993, counterweights were added, which straightened it slightly.
Between 1280 and 2018, the tower survived four major earthquakes.
8. Brazil
Christ the Redeemer is found in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was built between 1922 and 1931. The original design had Christ holding a cross in one hand and a globe in another. It was voted as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. The design was approved, but then it was decided the arms wide open was a better concept.
Heitor da Silva Costa and Carlos Oswald designed the statue. Paul Landowski sculpted it.
9. England
Stonehenge is thousands of years old and is a man-made circle of stones standing. It took thousands of years to build from start to finish. No one knows for sure how it was built back then, especially since there were no machines to move such heavy rocks.
It is also not certain why Stonehenge was built, but it was used at some point as a cemetery. There are at least 200 people buried there.
10. Greece
The Acropolis of Athens is a citadel in Athens, Greece. It was built to honor Athena, the Greek goddess of war, handicrafts, and wisdom. She was the protector of Athens as well. It was built in the later half of the 5th century B.C.
In 1700 B.C., the Mycenaeans built a palace on the site and used it as their kingdom's center.
The Parthenon is built on the Acropolis. It was dedicated to "Athena Parthenos" (Athena the Virgin).
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