A Trek through Time in Ukraine #3 Quiz

The mention occurred in a 1187 chronicle. The precise entry states that when Prince Volodymyr Hlibovych died, "the whole of Ukraine wept for him". In the most restricted sense, the word already referred to territory stretching on both sides of the Dnieper (Dnipro) River, roughly for the same territories that constituted the core of the later Hetmanate.

The coronation of Danylo occurred in 1253. The Prince of Halych (aka Galicia, from the word "halytsa", meaning "naked hill") wanted to coordinate efforts with the Catholic realms of Western and Central Europe against the Mongol encroachment in Eastern Europe. For all the coronation, no effective military support was given and Danylo didn't fulfill his dream, although he kept substantial parts of Ukraine fully independent from the khans.

The annexation occurred in 1349, on the initiative of King Casimir III. With this, the at-times troubled history of Polish-Ukrainian relations begins. The Polish expansion occurred in the backdrop of Poland's wars with both the Teutonic Knights and Lithuania, the last Pagan state of Europe.

At times, Ukrainian magnates made alliances with both of the latter powers against Poland, but the attempts were futile.

The battle occurred in 1362, with some scholars postulating a 1363 date for it. Long in contact with the flourishing Lithuanian Grand Duchy, the Ukrainian lands were now formally incorporated in it. The Lithuanians had the maxim of "We do not change the old, nor do we introduce the new", meaning that the Ukrainian territories had a large degree of autonomy, retaining their language, religion and customs.

The Mukha uprising occurred in the end of the 15th century. Mukha was a charismatic leader and it is said that his armed retainers were more than 10,000 men. The causes of the uprising are to be found in the gradual imposition of serfdom, the empowerment of the Polish szlachta at the expense of local magnates, as well as simmering religious tension. Ultimately, Mukha was defeated and died in Krakow in 1492.

The battle occurred in 1514. The main account of the struggle is preserved in the travelogue of Sigismund von Herberstein. The army of Poland-Lithuania, including many Ukrainian detachments, decisively defeated the Muscovites, who were by then only beginning to articulate their credentials as putative leaders of the geopolitical entity that ultimately formed modern Russia.

Vyshnevetsky, who died in 1563 in Ottoman captivity, was the man responsible for the formation of the Zaporizhian Sich, the Cossack standing army that protected the heartland of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from Tatar incursions. His titulature included the term "Hetman", stemming from the German "Hauptmann", meaning "commander".

The term "Sich", describing the fortifications he erected around 1550, stems from a root meaning "to cut, to sever". The island of Khortytsia, before Christianity, had been the site of sacrifices and other Pagan rituals.

The Khmelnytsky Uprising, one of the most discussed about and controversial events in the history of Eastern Europe, began in 1648. The Ukrainian Cossacks wished for a broadening of their rights within the Commonwealth and religious equality. For all the early successes, the Uprising took a downwards turn and Khmelnytsky was forced to enter negotiations with the Muscovite Tsardom, resulting in the notorious Pereiaslav agreement, the contents of which are unknown. Muscovy claimed that Khmelnytsky offered total submission, but it is more likely that some sort of alliance or, at the worst, vassalage was struck.

It is also unknown whether the agreement was ratified by both sides.

Ivan Mazepa had been Hetman from 1687. Resenting the encroachment of Muscovy in Ukraine, he allied with the Swedes during the Great Northern War, but their combined forces were beaten in the decisive battle of Poltava. Peter the Great, infuriated by Mazepa's activities, gave strict orders for the killing of every Cossack and sacked Buturyn, the headquarters of the Hetmanate.

The bodies of Cossack notables were died to crosses and thrown into the Dnipro River. Mazepa died as a fugitive in 1709. He was buried in the place of his death, in modern-day Romania, his tomb a frequent victim of desecration and his reputation besmirched until Ukrainian independence.

The Liquidation was carried out by a series of edicts issued by Catherine the Great. The process was finished by 1775. With the exception of the parts of Ukraine that had stayed within Poland after the Great Northern War, the entire land was controlled by Russia.

The very name Ukraine was banned, replaced in official discourse by "Little Russia". Catherine's ultimate dictum, in her own words, was: "These provinces, as well as Smolensk, must by the easiest means be brought to the point that they become Russified and stop looking like wolves towards the forest.

Moreover, the attack is very easy, if reasonable people are elected leaders in those provinces; when there is no hetman in Little Russia, then one should try to make the name of the hetmans disappear forever, not only a person who was promoted to this dignity".