2. In 2011, the 44,000 year-old remains of a house made of mammoth bones was found in Ukraine. Which group, who mostly appear to have lived in caves, has been credited with building the house?
From Quiz History of Ukraine: Beginnings
Answer:
Homo neanderthalensis
Neanderthals have been viewed as being cavemen for quite some time, and they probably did rely on the use of caves for housing, especially during cold weather. The area around Molodova, Ukraine, has been studied since the 1980s, and many Neanderthal artifacts have been found there. The more recent discovery of a house has changed scientific thinking regarding the Neanderthal people. The structure was 26 feet across at its widest point, and was able to accommodate a larger group than was expected. There is also evidence that the home was inhabited over a long period of time, as 25 different hearths have been discovered.
At the present time, scientists believe that Neanderthals lived in Eurasia from approximately 400,000 years ago (sources differ here) to 40,000 years ago. Originally pictured as being simple minded brutes, archaeological evidence has painted a different picture - one of people who made simple clothing, buried their dead, used plants for medicinal purposes, made stone tools, as well as jewelry, and even decorated the mammoth bones used for building their homes with ocher and engravings.