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1. The ninth-century Melchisedechians, named for king of Salem, were a Christian sect from Phrygia referred to as the Athingani (or untouchables). The sect was Monarchian, meaning they believed God to have only one divine personhood as opposed to a divine trinity. They didn't follow the practice of circumcision, and no wonder since its adherents refused to touch any other man. When food or gifts were offered, what did the Melchisedechians demand the previous owner do?
2. The Aquarii (known as the Hydroparastatae to the Greeks), were an ancient Christian denomination accused of heresy during the taking of the Eucharist. Instead of providing wine for Holy Communion, the Aquarii gave their adherents what?
3. In eleventh-century France, the Archdeacon of Angiers refuted the long-held claim that the process of the Eucharist changed bread and wine into the substances of Christ's physical body and blood. That refutation led to his imprisonment and the formation of the Berengarian sect. What is the Roman Catholic practice which he disagreed with known as (and which was later criticized during the Protestant Reformation)?
4. The Pasagian Christian sect of thirteenth-century northern Italy were viewed as heretics. According to Praepositinus of Cremona, the Pasagini were not viewed as proper Christians since they continued to practice many of the older Jewish customs. Which of the following was NOT part of their faith structure?
5. The Cowherdites were often the name given to the Bible Christian Church denomination began by Englishman William Cowherd in 1809. The church had a Pelagian approach to religion, meaning they didn't take too much stock in original sin and argued that free will decided your fate in heaven. Yet the Cowherdites were most famous for (oddly enough) beginning what modern movement, including in the U.S.?
6. The Tondrakians (a possible variation of the Paulician movement) of ninth-century Armenia were considered so heretical that some don't even consider it a Christian sect, save for the basic tenet that they believed Christ a savior. They were demonized as being sexually promiscuous, but it was one belief of theirs that truly scared the Church hierarchy the most, causing them to try and crush the denomination. What was that belief?
7. The Adamites, who espoused mystic ideas, morphed into the Beghards in Germany and the Picards in Bohemia. All of these denominations declared they had gone back to the innocence of the source of humanity, Adam, before he sinned. In that sense, the sects were rumored (truthfully or untruthfully) to have which of the following ceremonial practices?
8. The Adelophagi were a fourth-century sect that used this Bible quote to explain their religious practices: "If you were to give me half your house I would not go with you, nor would I eat bread or drink water in this place. For so it was commanded me by the word of the LORD." As such, what does their name loosely translate to?
9. One denomination with an odd story were the Osgoodites, led by Jacob Osgood, a 300-pound preacher from nineteenth-century New Hampshire. Osgood claimed he was a prophet that could heal by touch and reviled doctors. As the Osgoodites believed that man's law was inferior and unequal to God's law, which of the following did they NOT consider against their beliefs?
10. The Confessional Church, or the Bekennende Kirche, was formed in response to the Nazification of the German churches. The members of this church attempted to help Jewish clergy and others escape the concentration camps, and often hid them. One famous Lutheran pastor, famous for his poetry and himself the survivor of a concentration camp, helped to start the Confessional Church. Who was this famous pastor?
Source: Author
trident
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