Biology, Breathing, and You Trivia Quiz

Answer: Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

ATP is directly used by the cell. The cell obtains energy and a phosphate group from ATP, and thus ADP is left to be resynthesized. NADH and FADH must proceed through the Krebs cycle and the electron transport system, where their energy will be transferred into ATP molecules.

Answer: False

By definition respiration requires electrons to travel down an electron transport chain to a terminal electron acceptor. In aerobic respiration, the terminal electron acceptor is oxygen. In anaerobic respiration, the terminal electron acceptor is something other than oxygen. Fermentation occurs in some cells when oxygen is depleted.

The purpose of fermentation is to regenerate NAD+, a coenzyme that is necessary for glycolysis. There is no electron transport system involved in fermentation; therefore, fermentation is not the same thing as anaerobic respiration. Most cells undergoing respiration produce ATP via glycolyis.

Answer: Cytochrome

The energy released from the electrons as they move from cytochrome to cytochrome is used to actively transport hydrogen ions into the inner-membrane space.

Answer: Terminal Cytochrome

An oxygen (electron acceptor) molecule accepts the electron from the terminal cytochrome and bonds to two hydrogen ions to form water.

Answer: 2nd and 3rd bonds

A phosphate group is composed of three individual phosphate. Between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate groups is a relatively weak bond that is often prone to release energy and a phosphate. When this event happens, ATP is desynthesized and becomes ADP.

Answer: True

Enzymes are specific, meaning that each one has a unique task to perform during respiration. The enzymes aid in allowing respiration to occur in a series of reactions to release energy in small usable amounts.

Answer: Carries the acetate to the Krebs cycle

In aerobic respiration, the main function of coenzyme A is to carry the acetate from the acetyl CoA in the transition reactions directly to the Krebs cycle.

Answer: Electron acceptor

An oxygen (electron acceptor) "accepts the electron from the terminal cytochrome and bonds to two hydrogen ions to form water.

Answer: Mitochondrion

The purpose of the mitochondrian is to supply energy to the cell, and the only way it can achieve this goal is to obtain energy from the ATP molecules that are produced during both the Krebs cycle and the electron transport system.

Answer: Hydrogen ions diffuse back into the matrix

The hydrogen ions in the inner-membrane space contain energy, and as the hydrogen ions diffuse back into the matrix (the site of the Krebs cycle), that energy is transferred into the ATP molecules so that the cell can directly use it.

Answer: True

In order for new molecules to be produced, biosynthesis must have several molecules to be used as activation energy so that the process may begin.

Answer: Lactic acid fermentation

We can automatically rule out ethanol fermentation because it only occurs in yeast cells (fungi), and acetic acid fermentation because it only occurs in bacterial cells. Therefore, we can assume it is lactic acid fermentation, which occurs in the muscle cells on occasion in humans and animals. Because hardly any oxygen is supplied to the muscle cells, lactic acid builds up, which causes sore muscles.

Answer: Cristae

By definition, the cristae are the foldings of the inner mitochondrial membrane that form a series of "shelves" that contain the electron transport systems involved in ATP formation.

Answer: False

In order for any energy to be obtained for usage by the cell, the cell must first take the NADH molecules to the electron transport system, where the energy will be transferred to the ATP molecules.

Answer: Organisms need energy for all of these activites

Though these are common needs for energy from organisms, other such uses include heart beat, active transport, and biosynthesis (producing new molecules).