14. What school of art was created by Paul Jordan-Smith in 1924?
From Quiz Bad Modern Art
Answer:
Disumbrationism
Paul Jordan-Smith was a journalist who took offense that some of his artist wife's still life paintings had been panned by critics as "too realistic", so he did what any man would do: grabbing a few tubes of paint and an old brush, he whipped out a painting of a bare-breasted native woman holding something in her hand. According to Jordan-Smith it was supposed to be a starfish, but ended up looking more like a bunch of bananas (here it should be noted that Jordan-Smith had neither artistic training nor natural talent). So he called it "Yes, We Have No Bananas" (after a popular song of the day), and submitted it to the New York Exhibition of the Independents under the name "Pavel Jerdanowitch."
The critics raved about the painting (which was terrible beyond description), and soon the world was clamoring for more work by Pavel Jerdanowitch. So Jordan-Smith kept cranking out paintings, each more awful than the one preceding it. He even invented a biography for Jerdanowitch, stating he had been born in Russia and and had studied at the Chicago Art Institute. He called his style "disumbrationism," because he couldn't figure out how to paint shadows ("umbra" is Latin for shadow). He published fictitious interviews with the equally fictitious Jerdanowitch, in which he expounded on the philosophy of "disumbrationism." And he kept this up for four years, without arousing the suspicions of anyone in the artistic community! One of his paintings, "Aspiration", which showed a black woman doing laundry, was even included in a prestigious reference work, "The Golden Book of Modern Art". In a pamphlet prepared for a 1928 exhibition at Boston's famous Vose Galleries, the artist explained that: "The entire painting affords a marvelous illustration of the law of dynamic symmetry; everything directs the eye of the beholder towards the central symbol, so that at first we are like the washer woman (who stares at the cosmic rooster: this is why the painting is called 'Aspiration') and fail to notice the hand of greed reaching for her purse."
Eventually Jordan-Smith tired of the joke, and confessed to being a fraud. This created something of a cause célèbre in the art world; the critics eventually decided that they had not been fooled at all, and that Jordan-Smith was a natural genius who had actually created great art while attempting to create bad art. It's hard to argue with reasoning like that.