Specific Chemicals and Compounds Trivia

1. What is the most common chemical used to de-ice and provide anti-icing protection to aircraft?

From Quiz De-Ice, Ice, Baby

Answer: propylene glycol

Propylene glycol is a compound with the formula C3H8O2. It is used in the aviation industry as a de-icing and anti-icing fluid. Ethylene glycol is another fluid which can be used to de-ice aircraft, but it is no longer used as often since ethylene glycol has greater environmental hazards than propylene glycol.

From Quiz The Making Of Nylon 6.6

Answer: Dowtherm

Dowtherm is a very good heat mediant in that it has a very high boiling point, while having a relatively low density. This allows a rather small amount of the liquid to be used to remove heat from a comparatively large amount of the substance to be mediated, which in this case is the polymer to be processed into nylon fiber. The Dowtherm is enclosed and wrapped around the pipes carrying the polymer in a heat transfer system. The pipes themselves are not insulated, and the heat from the polymer is radiated into jackets containing the Dowtherm. The Dowtherm is then circulated away so that there is no thermal buildup, and the polymer stays within a safe temperature range.

From Quiz Hydrogen Compounds

Answer: Glass

Hydrofluoric acid, which is the solution of hydrogen fluoride (HF) in water attacks glass and hence it is used to etch it. It does not attack plastic and thus is stored in containers of PTFE (Poly-tetra-fluoro-ethylene),a type of plastic.

From Quiz Sugar Sugar

Answer: Sucrose

White table sugar is the disaccharide sucrose. It is composed of two monosaccharides: a molecule of glucose bonded to a molecule of fructose.

From Quiz Nylon -The Wonder Polymer

Answer: Polyester

Even though Rayon was first introduced at the end of the 19th century it is not considered a true synthetic fibre as it is derived from naturally occurring cellulose. Polyesters were discovered before nylon and are synthetics but had major drawbacks. They weren't developed to their full potential until later. Nylon, as we know it today, was discovered in 1935 and is considered the worlds first true synthetic fibre. Terylon is just a made-up name.

From Quiz Baking Soda

Answer: Common salt (sodium chloride) and limestone (calcium carbonate)

Though the Solvay process is primarily used for the production of soda ash (sodium carbonate), sodium bicarbonate is obtained as an intermediate product. In this process, calcium carbonate (limestone) decomposes on heating to give calcium oxide (lime) and carbon dioxide. This carbon dioxide reacts with a mixture of sodium chloride, ammonia and water to give sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)- the final product, along with ammonium chloride. So now what we're left with is calcium oxide and ammonium chloride. Calcium oxide is treated with water to obtain slaked lime (calcium hydroxide). This slaked lime is heated with the ammonium chloride to obtain calcium chloride, ammonia and water. The ammonia thus obtained is re-used in the Solvay process, and so the only real by-product of this process is calcium chloride. A properly designed and maintained Solvay plant can recycle almost all the ammonia it consumes, and only small inputs are required from time to time. Sodium bicarbonate can also be prepared from a purified solution of sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide.

From Quiz Water Properties

Answer: Adhesion

Cohesion is the attraction between particles of the same substance, which is the reason water is attracted to itself. Water droplets made of water molecules that stick together is a good example of the property of cohesion. Another example of cohesion is water sticking to a metal surface which has just been waxed. Adhesion is the attraction of water to different surfaces. In simple term, adhesion means that water like to stick with other substances. Two examples of adhesions are: water droplets sticking to a window after a rainfall and dew drops hanging onto leaves.

From Quiz De-Ice, Ice, Baby

Answer: water

Manufacturers recommend that the de-icing fluid be diluted with water to enhance its effectiveness. By itself, de-icing fluid will freeze at around -28°C (-18°F). Diluting the solution with 30% water will decrease the fluid's freezing point to approximately -55°C (-67°F).

From Quiz Act Naturally...Sweetened

Answer: Aspartame

Used to cut calories in high-calorie items while maintaining the sweetness expected of it, aspartame has been used for decades to make 'diet' versions of your favourite soft drinks. While many complain that it has a distinctive taste separate from what it's meant to replace, it's nevertheless one of the most popular sugar alternatives used commercially. What most don't know is that aspartame was originally created (by accident) while trying to create a drug to combat ulcers. Its relative overconsumption leading into the twenty-first century has also led many to fear health issues surrounding its use, leading to 'daily recommended doses' being established.

From Quiz The Making Of Nylon 6.6

Answer: Spinning Machine

Even though "spinning machine" probably conjures up thoughts of old-fashioned stories and sewing machines sitting on tables, this is far from what a Nylon 6.6 spinning machine looks like. What we are talking about is a machine six stories high operated by many individuals on about as many floors, and it is about half a modest-sized city block long.

From Quiz Hydrogen Compounds

Answer: Ammonia

Ammonia (NH3) is a colourless gas with a pungent smell and is highly soluble in water. The nitrogenous wastes excreted by our bodies combine with water in the kidneys to form urine, which is a mixture of various compounds including ammonia, which gives urine its smell. Ammonia has many industrial uses and is manufactured industrially by the Solvay Process.

From Quiz Sugar Sugar

Answer: Fructose & glucose

Honey is about 70% fructose and glucose, but also contains some maltose and sucrose. Lactose is more likely to be found in milk. Ribose and deoxyribose sugars are found in nucleic acids such as RNA and DNA respectively.

From Quiz Nylon -The Wonder Polymer

Answer: Wallace Carothers

Dr. Carothers was a brilliant organic chemist. His original research centered around polyesters, which had just been discovered, but with polyesters' low melting point and its susceptibility to damage by solvents, he eventually switched his research to using amines instead of glycol and nylon was born. A little known fact, is that Dr. Carothers, suffered from depression and carried a phial of cyanide on his person for many years in case the depression became too much to bear. Sadly, he used the cyanide in 1937.

From Quiz Baking Soda

Answer: Solid, white

The term Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) denotes conditions where the temperature is exactly 0 degrees Celsius (273.15 Kelvin) and pressure is 1 atmosphere (101.325 kiloPascals). 0 degrees Celsius is the freezing point of water, and 1 atmosphere is approximately the atmospheric pressure at sea level. Baking soda melts at around 543 Kelvin (270 degrees Celsius) and is solid at room temperature. Usually the solid is packaged in a powdered form. It may be amorphous (no crystalline structure) or crystalline.

From Quiz Oxides of Elements

Answer: silica

Silica, or silicon dioxide (SiO2) is also the main ingredient in glass-preparation.

From Quiz Caffeine

Answer: trimethylxanthine

From Quiz Act Naturally...Sweetened

Answer: Splenda

Sucralose and Splenda are interchangeable. Sweeter than most commercially-available sugar replacements, this chemical is not actually broken down by the body as easily as the others, so if you're looking for a way to lose weight, Splenda's probably not the answer. While you can often find Splenda as a packeted alternative to coffee sugar at a diner, you can also find it, labelled as sucralose, in more and more drinks, mainly because, according to studies, due to successful marketing of Splenda, buyers are more likely to purchase a drink created with that over aspartame. This said, studies have shown that Splenda poses no risk to the body despite higher resistances to being broken down. Most of it isn't absorbed by the body and, in fact, its consumption doesn't break down tooth enamel and lead to cavities like the other alternatives. The trademarked name 'Splenda' is owned by Johnson & Johnson. They also make Tylenol, Benadryl, and Band-Aids.

From Quiz The Making Of Nylon 6.6

Answer: Polymer

A polymer is a substance that combines monomers (substances with a single type of molecule in their composition) to form long chains of molecules that act in predictable ways based upon the monomers used. Polymers can be brick-hard, they can be rubbery, or they can be like Nylon 6.6 polymer, which is sticky and gooey. The manufacturing process also requires that the polymer be very, very hot as it makes its way down through the different levels of the machine, so personal protective equipment (PPE) and safety is paramount. Imagine trying to get 300 degree(F) honey off of your skin---well, Nylon 6.6 polymer is much thicker than honey, and it only takes one careless move to get it on yourself at certain levels of the machine. So, understandably, safety is a must.

From Quiz Hydrogen Compounds

Answer: Poison

Prussic acid, which is a solution of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in water, is one of the most potent and quick-acting poisons known to man. It is a colourless liquid, smelling of bitter almonds.

From Quiz Sugar Sugar

Answer: Fructose & galactose

Fructose and galactose are both 6-carbon monosaccharides, like glucose, with the chemical formula C6 H12 O6. Ribose and deoxyribose are both 5-carbon sugars. Sucrose and lactose are both disaccharides or two monosaccharides bonded together. Starch and cellulose are both polymers of monosaccharides, called polysaccharides, which are long chains of simple sugars bonded together.

From Quiz Nylon -The Wonder Polymer

Answer: Adipic Acid

There are many different forms of nylon each using different chemicals and formulae. They all have their own strengths and weaknesses. Nylon 6,6 is the most common commercial grade of nylon used for fibres whereas, nylon 6 is the most common grade used for commercial casting.

From Quiz Baking Soda

Answer: carbon dioxide

When baking soda is reacted with an acid, a sodium salt of the acid, water and carbon dioxide are obtained. For example, the reaction of baking soda with hydrochloric acid (HCl) can be represented as: NaHCO3 + HCl --> NaCl + H20 + CO2 Try adding a little baking powder (which contains baking soda) to some vinegar. Vinegar is a dilute aqueous solution (3 to 5%) of ethanoic acid, commonly known as acetic acid (CH3-COOH). You will notice vigorous effervescence (bubbles) being formed: these bubbles are of carbon dioxide. Also evolved in this reaction are sodium acetate (CH3-COONa) and water: NaHCO3 + CH3COOH --> CH3COONa + H20 + CO2

From Quiz De-Ice, Ice, Baby

Answer: Society of Automotive Engineers

SAE International began as the Society of Automobile Engineers in 1905. The name was changed to Society of Automotive Engineers in 1916. SAE was created in order to help standardize the engineering involved in the manufacturing and maintenance of automobiles. SAE has since expanded into an international organization whose goal is to provide engineering standardization to multiple forms of transportation including maritime and aerospace.

From Quiz Act Naturally...Sweetened

Answer: 20,000x

Yeah...you probably don't want to mess with this stuff anyways. Advantame has the privilege of being the last option on your sugar replacement list while being one of the most interesting things you can consider. While it's not really palatable for consumption on its own, it has been used in baking and cooking since it was introduced and approved in Japan (it was approved in the U.S. in 2014). Oh, and by baking and cooking, I would expect you to find this in frozen treats. As for safety, you need to keep in mind that this sweetener is highly synthetic. For perspective, to reach your daily maximum dose of advantame, you would need to open up nearly five thousand sugar packets of the stuff to get enough. It's extremely sweet and extremely interesting, but still anomalous.

From Quiz The Making Of Nylon 6.6

Answer: Spinner

The spinner has a very large responsibilty in making sure that his assignment is functioning properly. This includes constant monitoring of critical first-line systems, fast, accurate, and effective diagnosis of causes of broken threadlines, restoration of downed positions along the machine, and extensive data entry to be reviewed by engineers.

From Quiz Hydrogen Compounds

Answer: Methane

Methane or marsh gas (CH4) is the simplest hydrocarbon and occurs in natural gas and in coal mines. In coal mines it combines with oxygen of the air to form fire-damp, an explosive mixture.

From Quiz Sugar Sugar

Answer: Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis creates simple sugar (and oxygen) from water and carbon dioxide with the addition of energy in the form of sunlight. Cellular respiration is essentially the reverse reaction of photosynthesis, creating energy, water, and carbon dioxide by oxidizing glucose. Fermentation is a process that creates energy from a simple sugar without the addition of oxygen. Condensation reactions bond simple sugars together while releasing water.

From Quiz The **EXPLOSIVE** Quiz

Answer: Ammonium Nitrate and Fuel Oil

Ammonium nitrate is the most widely used oxidizer for commercial explosives in the world and ANFO is the most widely used commercial explosive in the world.

From Quiz Nylon -The Wonder Polymer

Answer: Tooth brushes

Actually the first mass-produced consumer product using nylon was tooth brush bristles, around 1938. Nylon stockings weren't introduced until 1940. Up until 1940 only the wealthy could afford sheer silk stockings but with the introduction of nylon that changed. Now any woman could have the sheerness and feel of silk without the prohibitive cost.

From Quiz Baking Soda

Answer: Citric acid

Citric acid is a weak organic acid contained in all citric fruits, such as lemons, oranges, lime, grapefruit, etc. A reaction between the baking soda and citric acid (present in lemon juice) results in the production of carbon dioxide gas, which is responsible for the bubbles or the "fizz" formed. Another product of this reaction is sodium citrate, which, like citric acid, is sour in taste (besides tasting salty as well). Today, aerated drinks are manufactured by passing pressurised carbon dioxide through water. More carbon dioxide dissolves in the water at high pressure than at standard atmospheric pressure. When the bottle is opened, the pressure is reduced, and so dissolved carbon dioxide rushes out of the bottle, which causes the formation of the bubbles.

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Last Updated Nov 16 2024 5:46 AM

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