Mixed Health Questions Trivia

1. Small molecule inhibitors such as imatinib and gefitinib are a class of drugs that has been used to treat cancers with much success. How do they work?

From Quiz Advances in Medicine

Answer: They interfere with protein function

Small molecule inhibitors are chemically synthesised drugs with low molecular weights, meaning their sizes are very small. Because of their small size they readily pass through the cell membrane to reach intracellular targets. These drugs typically interfere with protein-protein interactions within the cell, thereby affecting cellular processes that could be beneficial for cancer growth. For example, imatinib targets a protein (BCR-ABL) that is only seen in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) cells. BCR-ABL activates pathways that promote cell proliferation. Imatinib binds to and blocks the active site of BCR-ABL, thereby preventing BCR-ABL from carrying out its tumour-promoting function. Imatinib has proven to be efficacious in treating CML, sometimes achieving complete remission. It is marketed under the tradename Gleevec.

From Quiz Your Child Isn't Feeling Well?

Answer: Body, face and scalp

The first signs of chickenpox include a mild fever and a rash. The rash makes its presence known by showing up on the trunk of the body, the face and the scalp first. Gradually the rash spreads to the arms and legs. The rash first presents itself as small, flat and red spots which quickly turn into itchy, fluid-filled blisters. The blisters will measure about a quarter of an inch in size, appearing red at the base. Once the blisters break open the sores will develop a crust which then becomes dry brown scabs. The illness last about one and a half weeks. When the chicken pox virus becomes active again in later life it is called shingles. If a chickenpox vaccine is given within a five-day period of exposure to the disease it can be beneficial in preventing the disease or at the very least in helping to reduce how severe the illness may become.

From Quiz Connect the Dots (To a Disease)

Answer: Mesoderm, endoderm, ectoderm

Dot 1: The three germ layers (mesoderm, endoderm, ectoderm). The three germ layers are the endoderm, mesoderm and the ectoderm. The ectoderm develops into the hair, nails, teeth, nose and sebaceous glands. The mesoderm develops into the circulatory system, kidney, gonads, muscles, etc. The endoderm develops into the liver, lungs, urinary bladder, pancreas and intestines and stomach. There is another entity called the neural crest that develops into the brain and spinal cord.

From Quiz Off the Wall Medical

Answer: It contains the same compound as a skunk's spray.

Asparagus contains the same sulfur compound that is found in skunk spray, rotten eggs, garlic, and some other 'fragrant' items. It is called mercaptan. It seems some ethnic groups are able to break down mercaptan, while others cannot.

From Quiz Odd Medical Facts

Answer: double vision

In medical terminology the prefix di means two, thus giving you double. Ironically enough also in medical terminology bi also means two.

From Quiz Join My Health World

Answer: peptidoglycan

From Quiz The Body and Science

Answer: fallopian tubes

After fertilization, the zygote (fertilized egg) begins a trip destined for the uterus--to implant itself in the endometrium.

From Quiz Medical Miscellany

Answer: 3 - 10 percent

Klinefelter's syndrome, or XXY disorder, is characterised by small testes, sparse body hair, a round body shape, and enlarged breasts. In 1942, Dr. Harry Klinefelter co-authored a paper on this new disease in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. Since he was the youngest member of the group submitting the paper, his name was listed first, and the medical community began calling the chromosomal abnormality Klinefelter's syndrome. He believed the credit was due his mentor, Dr. Fuller Albright, saying, "He unselfishly allowed my name to come first on the list of authors." Hence, the disease is sometimes known as Klinefelter-Reifenstein-Albright syndrome. (http://www.genetic.org/ks/scvs/ks_bio.htm)

From Quiz Medicine

Answer: 20

From Quiz Advances in Medicine

Answer: Monoclonal antibodies

Monoclonal (m) antibodies (ab) are antibodies that are derived from a single clone. This means they all recognise the same target with the same degree of specificity. Monoclonal antibodies are designed to recognise and block the function of specific targets that contribute to the progression of disease. For example, bevacizumab targets vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), a protein that stimulates growth of new blood vessels to feed a growing tumour. By inhibiting VEGF-A, a tumour's blood supply is cut off and the tumour cannot grow. Trastuzumab recognises the HER2 protein expressed by some breast cancers. HER2 promotes cell growth, hence aberrant expression of HER2 can lead to tumour formation. Targeting of HER2 by transtuzumab inhibits the cell proliferative function of HER2 and reduces the growth of the tumour. Beyond acting directly on their targets, the binding of monoclonal antibodies to tumour cells also attracts immune cells to the tumour site and stimulates these immune cells to kill cancer cells. Other than cancers, monoclonal antibodies have also been used to treat autoimmune and inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis.

From Quiz McSurfie's Medical Misadventures

Answer: A partial fracture of the bone

A greenstick fracture commonly occurs amongst children, where their bones have not properly formed and are still soft. The term itself derives from the type of break that usually occurs in fresh wood which breaks on the outside when bent.The condition was discovered by two orthopedists, John Insall and Michael Slupeki. Greenstick fractures usually occur when there is an extreme bending force in the area of the fractures, causing a partial break in the bones. Treatment can involve either removable splints, or in some cases, a cast over the damaged area. Once the fracture has healed, there can be a bend in the bone. In the case of my elbow, my lower right arm is slightly bent out when I hold my arms out straight.

From Quiz Your Child Isn't Feeling Well?

Answer: Fifth Disease

Fifth Disease is also called "slapped cheek" disease because of the raised red rash that appears on a child's face. Initially the illness presents itself with flu-like symptoms of a runny nose, sore throat, fever and some body pain or weakness. These symptoms typically occur about a week before the raised red rash appears. After about one to four days the rash will spread to the torso and arms, then on to the rest of the body. The rash can keep re-appearing for as long as three weeks. This rash is often brought on by heat, sunlight or even bathing. If you are in contact with an infected person and contract the illness it can show up anywhere from four to twenty days later. A person will be contagious for seven to ten days prior to the development of the rash.

From Quiz "Chilling Out" After Cardiac Arrest

Answer: Therapeutic lowering of the body temperature to reduce tissue damage after a period of ischemia.

In the latter part of the 1900s, studies regarding the benefits of therapeutic hypothermia were done on animals such as dogs. These studies yielded positive results prompting studies on humans as well. On the basis of studies done on humans published in 2002, induced hypothermia was considered best practice for victims of cardiac arrest. Lowering the body temperature reduces metabolic activity and hence the need for oxygen. For each degree Celsius the body temperature drops, the metabolic rate drops 6 - 7 percent. Making the body temperature lower than 30 degrees Celsius however, can result in lethal arrhythmia such as ventricular fibrillation. The target range is between 32 - 34 degrees Celsius.

From Quiz Off the Wall Medical

Answer: They contain capsaicin.

Capsaicin stimulates the part of your nervous system that controls mucus production. Some hot foods such as wasabi do not contain capsaicin. You can eat those without worrying about nostril drip.

From Quiz Odd Medical Facts

Answer: poetry

I guess Jack and Jill would neither be cute nor funny!

From Quiz Join My Health World

Answer: bilayer of phospholipids

cell membrane consist of a bilayer of phospholipids with polar heads to the outside and nonpolar tails to the inside .Protein iselets either float on the surface or integral.it is a dynamic system. it's a semipermeable membrane.

From Quiz The Body and Science

Answer: Vitamin C

Scurvy was known throughout sea exploring arena as the 'lemon' disease because lemons, or lemon juice (or their lime equivalents), were often used as treatment to replenish levels of Vitamin C.

From Quiz Medical Miscellany

Answer: Urease

James Batcheller Sumner crystallized and purified jack bean urease in 1926. He shared the 1946 Nobel prize in Chemistry with John Northrop and Wendell Stanley "for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized" (the other scientists dealt with te tobacco mosaic virus). (http://www.nobel.se/chemistry/laureates/1946/index.html)

From Quiz Advances in Medicine

Answer: Immune cells

In CAR-T therapy, which has been dubbed the "living drug", T cells of the immune system are isolated from the patient and engineered in a laboratory to recognise specific targets expressed by the patient's cancer cells. These targets may be experimentally determined in the lab by taking a small sample of the cancer and then screening for proteins that are expressed by most, if not all, the cancer cells. The target protein should not be one that is found on a normal cell. After engineering the T cells to recognise these cancer protein targets, the T cells are then grown in the lab until they number billions and are re-introduced into the patient where they recognise, attack and destroy the cancer cells. At present, this therapy is limited to blood tumours such as leukaemias and lymphomas because of challenges in getting the re-programmed T cells to travel to, penetrate and survive in solid tumours. During clinical trials in patients for whom all other therapies failed, CAR-T therapy induced complete and lasting remission in a large number of study participants.

From Quiz Night Shift in the Emergency Department

Answer: Eye socket

The orbit is not formed by just one bone, but is a cavity made at the junction of seven separate bones. This cavity supports and protects the eyeball and the associated structures, such as muscles, blood vessels and nerves. These injuries are usually due to blunt injuries to the face. One, often avoidable, way to fracture your orbit is for your face to hit the steering wheel or dashboard during a motor vehicle collision. Use of your seat belt, along with airbag deployment, can help prevent this particular injury.

From Quiz McSurfie's Medical Misadventures

Answer: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)

The medical term juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is used to describe a form of rheumatoid arthritis that occurs in those under the age of 16. The idiopathic part of JIA refers to the fact there is no defined cause for this condition. Other terms for this condition are juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile chronic arthritis. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis can vary from child to child, with some only suffering limited movement in the affected area, to a more chronic, long lasting condition. The disease itself is an autoimmune disease where the body's own immune system attacks cells - especially in the joints, causing inflammation and pain. Treatment can involve a combination of physiotherapy, pain management, medication and, in some cases, surgery.

From Quiz Your Child Isn't Feeling Well?

Answer: Bacterial meningitis

In 1988 a Hib vaccine was introduced which has aided in the significant reduction of the occurrence of bacterial meningitis. The primary series of vaccines is generally done at the ages of two, four and six months. The symptoms of Hib meningitis include fever, vomiting, stiffness of the back and neck, tiredness and bulging fontanelles on the heads of infants. Following the routine immunization schedule for children is indeed important and should be considered.

From Quiz Connect the Dots (To a Disease)

Answer: a lump and pain in that area when touched

Dot 3: Lump and tenderness Tumefaction can in other words be called a lump or a swelling. Tenderness means pain in an area when it is touched. Swelling may occur in edema or a circulatory disorder in addition to trauma and cancer. Pain may or may not be associated with a type of swelling or lump.

From Quiz Medical Pyramid

Answer: second stage

First stage of labor extends from the onset of true labor contractions to full cervical dilatation. There may be a "show" consisting of mucus and blood as the cervical plug becomes dislodged. In some cases, the membranes rupture resulting in leaking of fluid. Contractions progressively increase in frequency, duration and intensity. The second stage extends from full cervical dilatation to birth of the baby. Stretching of the pelvic floor muscles is associated with an uncontrollable urge to push. The third stage extends from birth of the baby to delivery of the placenta. The fourth stage is the time immediately after birth, usually the first hour. A fourth stage helps us to keep in focus that the mother is still at risk of bleeding and other complications and hence vigilance is necessary. Bonding is encouraged during this stage as well.

From Quiz Ten Tips to Take Charge of Your Health

Answer: Make exercise a routine part of your day.

Yes, Tip #3 is "Make exercise a routine part of your day." Most public health organizations recommend between 30 and 60 minutes of physical activity each day. The IOM recommends 60 minutes, but that includes counting normal physical activities such as cleaning your home. Some of Dr. Fineberg's suggestions: "If you take public transportation to work, get out a stop or two ahead, and walk. Use your bike. Get out of the elevator a floor or two below yours and walk up.... Walk if you have to go one or two flights up or down." He adds that using an inexpensive pedometer could help you set and monitor goals for walking, and may give a boost to your motivation. Remember that the second tip and this third tip "together help you achieve and maintain a healthful body weight." Now there's a definite motivation.

From Quiz Odd Medical Facts

Answer: Luke and Acts

Written by St. Luke who of course was a physician.

From Quiz Join My Health World

Answer: production of ATP

From Quiz The Body and Science

Answer: 15000

If stuck in a field during a lightning storm, the safest position is to crouch down in fetus position with one foot slightly raised off the ground.

From Quiz Medical Miscellany

Answer: Progeria

Children afflicted with progeria appear to age at about 7 times the natural rate. The symptoms include dwarfism, baldness, aged-looking skin, stiff joints, atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular problems. Another form of progeria, called Werner's syndrome, occurs in late adolescence and early adulthood, and has many of the same symptoms.

From Quiz Advances in Medicine

Answer: A nucleic acid drug

Nusinersen is the generic name for a drug used to treat spinal muscular atrophy. It is an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), which is a short sequence of nucleic acids tailored to recognise a specific messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence. Spinal muscular atrophy is caused by a mutation in the survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene that causes its protein product, SMN, to lose its function. There is another gene, called SMN2, that also produces SMN proteins but the proteins produced by SMN2 are often shorter and not fully functional compared with proteins from SMN1. Nusinersen is designed to recognise SMN2 at the region that normally gets cut by cellular processes to form the shorter protein. In this way, nusinersen blocks the cutting machinery and the full length, functional protein can be produced from SMN2. Nusinersen is injected intrathecally into the central nervous system. Infants with spinal muscular atrophy who are given nusinersen exhibit improvements in motor neuron function that possibly corresponds to normal development. The drug has to be administered every four months and costs a six-figure sum per injection, raising questions of ethics and fair pricing for the afflicted. The tradename for nusinersen is Spinraza.

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Last Updated Dec 21 2024 5:48 AM

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