5. There's nothing new under the sun - or stars - it seems. Invented around 150 BC, for which everyday requirement for mankind was the Antikythera mechanical device used?
From Quiz How Did We Ever Do Without Them?
Answer:
To use as a calendar
Its other main purpose was to calculate astronomical positions mechanically, but it needed the functioning calendar to do so. When this device was first recovered from the Antikythere shipwreck at the beginning of the 20th century, it proved a puzzle for scientists to figure out for years. It's been described in the following fashion by Professor Michael Edmunds of Cardiff University as "...just extraordinary, the only thing of its kind. The design is beautiful, the astronomy is exactly right. The way the mechanics are designed just makes your jaw drop...in terms of historic and scarcity value, I have to regard this mechanism as being more valuable than the Mona Lisa".
Such is this device's complexity and exactness, that it would be fourteen more centuries before anything matching its precision would be invented. It acted as a calendar, divided the sky into degrees, and could calculate the positions of the sun, moon, various stars and planets, at any time, simply by entering a date. How amazing is that?