Quiz Answer Key and Fun Facts
1. This pass through the Carpathian mountains in Ukraine is also called the Tatar Pass. It was used by the Mongols (Tatars) in their invasion of Hungary in 1241.
2. This pass between Austria and Italy is the lowest of any of the Alpine passes (1371 m.). It was crossed by the Teutonic invaders of Italy in the 4th and 5th centuries.
3. This Alpine pass (2468 m.) connects Valais, Switzerland and Aosta, Italy. It was much frequented by pilgrims and clerics on visits to Rome. It was used in 1800 by French Emperor Napoleon for his 40.000 troops for the campaign in Northern Italy.
4. This Alpine pass (2108 m.) connects Altdorf in Uri canton, Switzerland and Bellinzona in Ticino canton, Switzerland. A railroad tunnel (highest point: 1154 m.) opened in 1882. Name it.
5. This pass is the highest in the Apennines, Italy.(1040 m.)
6. This celebrated pass in the Pyrenees (1112 m.) is traditionally held to be the place where Breton nobleman Roland met his death defending Frankish King (later Holy Roman Emperor) Charlemagne in 778. The epic poem "Chanson de Ronald" is based on this event.
7. This pass (1632 m.) on the border between Huesca dept., Spain and Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France was used by Muslim invaders from Spain in 732. (The Saracens under Abd-er-Rahman).
8. This pass (1334 m.) in the Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria was the scene of major battles in 1877-78 during the Russo-Turkish war.
9. This pass in the Taurus Mts., north west of Adana, Turkey (Turkish: Külek Bogazi) has been used for centuries by armies and traders.
10. This pass (1798 m.) in the Caucasus Mts., Russia was probably the only early passage across this mountain range. Through it was constructed the Georgian Military Road from Tbilisi to Vladikavkaz.
11. This pass in Caucasus Mts.(2828 m.)is situated on the border between Alania rep.(North Ossetia), Russia and South Ossetia, Georgia. The Ossetian Military Road (built 1889) passes through it.
12. This pass (1070 m.) is situated on the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan. It was the scene of sharp fighting in the Afghan Wars 1839-42 and 1878-80.
13. This important pass in the Hindu Kush (3797 m.) connects Chitral, Pakistan and the Vakhan Valley, Afghanistan.
14. This pass (5575 m.) shares the name with the range it is situated in. The pass is situated in Jammu and Kashmir, in a region under Pakistani control. It is the chief route over the Himalayas between Jammu and Kashmir and China.
15. This pass on the border between Kazakhstan and Xinjiang Uygur, China was used for centuries as a migration and invasion route.
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