Bonnie Prince Charlie, the Jacobites and Culloden Quiz

Answer: James VII of Scotland and II of England

James VI of Scotland became James I of England after Queen Elizabeth died. Charles I also lost the crown (as well as his head) in 1649, and after 11 years of republic, his son was invited to become Charles II. When Charles II died, his younger brother James became James VII & II (Scotland was still a separate country).

After only three years he was deposed for being too pro-Catholic and too autocratic. James' Protestant daughters, Mary (jointly with William of Orange) and then Anne succeeded him, but his son James remained unwelcome, and George of Hanover was invited to become King George I in 1714.

The Jacobites looked for an opportunity to overthrow the Hanoverians and restore what to them was the rightful king.

Answer: 1746

Although the rising started in 1745, it wasn't until April 16th, 1746 that the decisive battle was fought. The Jacobite army invaded England and travelled as far south as Derby before withdrawing to the Highlands.

Answer: The Duke of Cumberland

Cromwell had defeated both Bonnie Prince Charlie's great-grandfather (Charles I) and his great-uncle (Charles II).
General Wade is more associated with Scottish road building, but he commanded the army in 1745 until he was replaced for failing to prevent Bonnie Prince Charlie's invasion of England.
General Wolfe most famously fought at Quebec in 1759, but he also served at Culloden as a captain (see www.militaryheritage.com/wolfe.htm).
The Duke of Cumberland, nicknamed 'the Butcher of Culloden', was George II's younger son William, and a capable general. Wildly popular (on both sides of the border) for defeating the Jacobites, his popularity faded as his brutality became known.

Answer: He travelled to the west coast on foot, where he sailed to the Outer Hebrides

Immediately after Culloden, his loyal supporters helped Charles to escape, sheltering him despite a large reward being offered. He seems to have travelled across country, over very rough terrain, on foot, and then sailed to the Outer Hebrides (the voyage to Skye came later!) where he went into hiding.
Part of Charles II's escape after the Battle of Worcester involved dressing up as a woman, as well as evading search parties by hiding up an oak tree.
James II was captured at Sheerness in 1688 but allowed to leave for political reasons (he later returned to Ireland where he lost the Battle of the Boyne).
Bonnie Prince Charlie's father was involved in an earlier rising in 1715, and he made the trip to France via Montrose when that failed.

Answer: Flora MacDonald

The Skye Boat Song celebrates Flora Macdonald's ferrying Bonnie Prince Charlie "over the sea to Skye". The voyage was actually eastwards, as Charles was in hiding on Uist in the Outer Hebrides until his whereabouts became known. Flora Macdonald was given a boat and six crew to take him to safety, and Charles was disguised as her maid.

She was briefly imprisoned for this, but gained widespread respect and popularity. She had several more remarkable adventures, and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_MacDonald_(Scottish_Jacobite) is worth a look. Of the other Macdonalds, Sir John was Canada's first Prime Minister, Ramsay was the UK's first Labour Prime Minister, and Ranald was Flora's father.

Answer: He married a German princess and died in Rome in 1788

Princess Louise of Stolbert-Geden married Charles Edward Stuart in 1772. She left him in 1780. Both appear to have had other lovers. After this, Charles was looked after by his daughter, Clementina, until his death in Rome, aged 68.
www.rampantscotland.com/famous/blfamcharlie3.htm gives a readable summary.

Answer: The Scottish Episcopal Church

The Scottish Episcopal Church (SEC) had strong links with Jacobitism, and after the '45 many church buildings were burned down and public worship was banned. Although the situation gradually eased, the laws passed against the SEC were only repealed in 1792.

While the SEC has the nickname "The English Church" largely because it is Anglican, history suggests otherwise. See www.scotland.anglican.org/index.php/about/history/ for more detail.

Answer: Fort George

All of these already exisited in 1745. Fort William was a development of civil war fortifications, and Fort Augustus and Ruthven Barracks (near Newtonmore) were built after the 1715 rising. The original Fort George was a post-1715 development of earlier fortifications in Inverness, moving to its present site in 1746. Fort William and Fort Augustus are remembered in the names of the settlements that grew up alongside them, but Fort George still stands at the head of the Moray Firth.

It is a massive and complete example of 18th Century fortification, and mostly open to the public, though it still partly serves as an army barracks.

Answer: From supporting James and his descendants

'Jacobus' is the Latin for James, and the name Jacobite goes back to James VII / II. If Bonnie Prince Charlie had succeeded with his invasion, it would have been his Father, also James, the 'Old Pretender', who would have become king James VIII / III. History would have been very different.

Answer: The battlefield is preserved, and has a new visitor centre

Culloden Moor, the site of the battle, is a major local tourist attraction. The forest that used to cover the site has been cleared, and the road that used to run through the middle of it has been re-routed, to leave the battlefield an open space. Culloden is a rapidly expanding suburb of Inverness, but the battlefield site is secure.