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Quiz about Operatic History in the Nineteenth Century
Quiz about Operatic History in the Nineteenth Century

Operatic History in the Nineteenth Century Quiz


Here's my penultimate instalment on operas and other works of classical music named after historical events and persons. As always, the operatic background was provided by "Phaetons Great Opera Book" and by www.operone.de

A multiple-choice quiz by JanIQ. Estimated time: 9 mins.
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Author
JanIQ
Time
9 mins
Type
Multiple Choice
Quiz #
271,342
Updated
Dec 03 21
# Qns
25
Difficulty
Average
Avg Score
16 / 25
Plays
2010
Awards
Top 5% quiz!
- -
Question 1 of 25
1. In 1855, Gottfried Hermann named an opera after Toussaint l'Ouverture. This former slave inspired the revolution in a Caribbean nation in 1803, a nation that shook off the French colonial power. Where did this revolt take place? Hint


Question 2 of 25
2. Geronimo Gimenez y Bellido completed in 1890 a zarzuela named after the best known naval battle fought by the Napoleonic fleet. Where did this battle occur in 1805? Hint


Question 3 of 25
3. In 1937 Arthur Honegger dedicated an opera to the presumed son and heir of Napoleon Bonaparte. What was the nickname of Napoleon's son who was born in 1811 and who died in 1832? It is also the title of this opera. Hint


Question 4 of 25
4. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky completed in 1880 an overture named after the year of the battle at the Berezina - the final defeat of Napoleon's Grand Army, after which he had to leave Russia. In what year did this battle take place? The overture makes use of a frantic rhythm, fragments of the Marseillaise refrain and several cannon shots to recreate the atmosphere of the battle.

Answer: (Year between 1800 and 1815)
Question 5 of 25
5. In 1942, Robert Heger named an opera after Horatio Nelson's mistress. This woman whom he met in Naples was married to an ambassador of one of the leading countries. Who was this woman with whom Nelson committed adultery? She died in 1815, leaving Nelson's daughter Horatia. Hint


Question 6 of 25
6. 1839 saw the first night of one of Friedrich von Flotow's operas. This opera describes the shipwreck of a ship named after a Greek mythological woman (by the way, one of the ugliest females in Greek mythology). The ship sank in 1816 off the coast of Senegal. What was the name of this ship? I ask here for the name as translated in English. Hint


Question 7 of 25
7. Jacques Offenbach specialised in operettas. However, he also composed two serious operas, one of which was first performed in 1881. This opera relates the story of a German author who died in 1822. Few people know that he wrote the poem on which Tchaikovsky's "Nutcracker Suite" was based. What was his name? Hint


Question 8 of 25
8. Juri A. Schaporin completed in 1953 his opera "Die Dekabristen" ("The Decembrists"), named after a revolting party in Russia in 1825. Who was the Czar against whom these Decembrists revolted? Hint


Question 9 of 25
9. Gian-Carlo Menotti composed in 1986 an opera named after a Spanish painter who died in 1828. This painter is perhaps best known for his double portrait of "La Maya": one portrait entirely nude ("La Maya Desnuda", 1800) and one portrait in exactly the same pose, but dressed in contemporary fashion ("La Maya Vestida", 1803). Needless to say that modern illustrators use more frequently the nude portrait to illustrate the painter's talents. What is the name of this painter? Hint


Question 10 of 25
10. Darius Milhaud created in 1950 an opera named after the most important freedom fighter in Latin America. This revolutionary died in 1830. Who was this man? Hint


Question 11 of 25
11. In 1836, a Jewish entrepreneur (first names Nathan Meyer) died. He was the founder of a banking corporation in London. Jerry Bock named in 1970 a musical after this European banker's family. What is the name of this family, almost synonymous in Europe for "opulent"? Hint


Question 12 of 25
12. Vladimir Kobekin composed in 1983 an opera entitled "Puskins Tod" ("Pushkin's Death"). What was the cause of death of this notorious theatre playwright? He died in Russia in 1837. Hint


Question 13 of 25
13. Franz Lehar completed in 1925 an operetta named after a world famous violinist. This Italian violinist was not only a virtuoso at the violin, but was also notorious as a womanizer. Who was this Romantic composer, whose masterpiece is the "Perpetuum Mobile"? He died in 1840. Hint


Question 14 of 25
14. Eugène Gautier created in 1848 an opera which tailed the news headlines of that year. It was entitled "Les Barricades de 1848" and dealt with the series of revolutions which shocked Europe that year. The first revolution of 1848 took place in Paris, on February 22. Was the Communist Manifesto published prior to the Paris Revolt on February 22, 1848?


Question 15 of 25
15. "Tatata tatata tatata ta taa". This is the world famous rhythm of a march composed by Johann Strauss to celebrate the Austrian general who defeated the Sardinian troops at Custoza in 1848. What was his name? By the way, Rene Koering also named a 1988 opera after this general. Hint


Question 16 of 25
16. Franz von Suppé completed in 1866 his overture "Leichte Kavallerie" ("Charge of the Light Brigade"). This overture was inspired by Lord Tennyson's poem "Charge of the Light Brigade". The poem made heroes of the British cavalry regiments who turned, in 1854, a tactical blunder into a strategic victory. Where did this charge take place? Hint


Question 17 of 25
17. August Conradi composed in 1862 an opera named after the first person to publish realistic travel guides. This German author has given his name to the modern travel guide. He died in 1859. Who was this author? Hint


Question 18 of 25
18. 2003 saw the (posthumous) first night of Peter Kreuder's musical named after the Irish woman who performed Spanish dances before the royals and became the mistress to King Ludwig I of Bavaria. She died in 1861. What was this woman's artist's name? Hint


Question 19 of 25
19. Galt MacDermot composed in 1973 a musical about the founder of communism. Who was this German, who published the first part of "Das Kapital" ("The Money") in 1867? He considered that this publication was his masterpiece. "The Capital" part 2 and 3 were published by his collaborator Friedrich Engels.

Answer: (Two Words (First and Last Name, or Last Name Only))
Question 20 of 25
20. Carl Millöcker created in 1874 a musical named after the supporters of the brother of King Ferdinand VII of Spain. When King Ferdinand finally fathered a daughter in 1830, he declared that his daughter Isabella would inherit the throne. Ferdinand's brother invoked the Salian Law (succession only in the male line) to contest Isabella's inheritance. This led to three civil wars in Spain, the last one between 1872 and 1876. What was the name of Ferdinand's brother? Hint


Question 21 of 25
21. Louis Andriessen composed in 1980 an opera named after Frederic Chopin's mistress. What was her artist's name? She was a novelist and died in 1876. By the way, her artist's name sounds masculine, as was not uncommon in those days. Hint


Question 22 of 25
22. Hervé created in 1889 a ballet named after a notorious event that took place in the same year. What was this event? Hint


Question 23 of 25
23. 1980 saw the first night of a musical by Cy Coleman, dedicated to one of the most famous circus owners. Who was this circus owner, who also invented large-scale publicity? This circus owner died in 1891. Hint


Question 24 of 25
24. Luca Belcastro created in 2001 an opera entitled "1896", to commemorate sporting history. What was the 1896 event that Belcastro wanted to celebrate? Hint


Question 25 of 25
25. Fritz Kreisler dedicated an opera in 1932 after an Austrian Empress, who also inspired three movies starring Romy Schneider. What was the popular name of this Austrian Empress, married to Franz Joseph? She died in 1898. Hint



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Quiz Answer Key and Fun Facts
1. In 1855, Gottfried Hermann named an opera after Toussaint l'Ouverture. This former slave inspired the revolution in a Caribbean nation in 1803, a nation that shook off the French colonial power. Where did this revolt take place?

Answer: Haiti

Gottfried Hermann (1808-1878) was a German violinist and composer. He completed four operas: "Barbarossa", "Toussaint l'Ouverture", "Das Johannisfeuer" ("Saint John's Fire") and "Walpurgisnacht" ("Saint Walpurgis Night").
Cuba gained its independence from Spain in 1898 after a revolt undertaken inspired by (among others) the poet Jose Marti (1853-1895). However, the Cuban government was in fact under US control until 1925.
Mexico declared itself independent from Spain in 1821. The first Mexican Emperor was Agustin de Iturbide (1783-1824), deposed in 1823.
Curacao and the other Antillean islands, Aruba and Bonaire, are today (2007) still not independent. These Dutch Antilles are still part of the Dutch Kingdom, but they have obtained a "status apart": the local government depends on the Netherlands only for military, foreign and monetary affairs. All local matters are decided locally.
Toussaint l'Ouverture (1743-1803) started in 1794 a slave revolt in Haiti. In 1803, the French were expelled and Jean-Jacques Dessalines (1758-1806) became the first Haitian ruler. Dessalines chose the title of Emperor and adopted the name Jacques I. By the way, Dessalines was also the first chief of state of African descent anywhere in the Americas.
2. Geronimo Gimenez y Bellido completed in 1890 a zarzuela named after the best known naval battle fought by the Napoleonic fleet. Where did this battle occur in 1805?

Answer: Trafalgar

Gimenez y Bellido (1852-1923) was a Spanish composer and conductor. His works include one operetta and 36 zarzuelas (including "Trafalgar").

The only naval battle included in my options is the battle of Trafalgar: a defeat for the Napoleonic fleet, although the British admiral Nelson (1758-1805) was fatally wounded during this battle. The battles at Austerlitz (1805), Jena (1806) and Wagram (1809) were all land battles in which Napoleon defeated respectively the Russian and Austrian army (Austerlitz), the Prussian army (Jena) and once again the Austrians (Wagram).
3. In 1937 Arthur Honegger dedicated an opera to the presumed son and heir of Napoleon Bonaparte. What was the nickname of Napoleon's son who was born in 1811 and who died in 1832? It is also the title of this opera.

Answer: L'aiglon

Arthur Honegger (1892-1955) was a Swiss composer. He left us five symphonies, seven operas, three operettas, nineteen ballets, and several other compositions. The opera I refer to in this question is entitled "L'Aiglon" - Honegger's last opera. However, Honegger composed only acts 2, 3 and 4, while the first and the last act were completed by the French composer Jacques Ibert (1890-1962).
Incidentally, there is another classical composition named after Napoleon II. The Serbian composer Petar Stojanovic (1877-1957) created in 1921 an operetta named "Napoleon II: Herzog von Reichstadt" ("Napoleon II, Duke of Reichstadt").
"Le dauphin" is the classical title for the French crown prince. It dates from 1349: the province of Dauphiné was ceded to the French King Philippe VI on the express condition that the crown prince would receive his education in this province.
"L'homme au masque de fer" ("The Man with the Iron Mask") is a famous novel by Alexandre Dumas, Sr. (1802-1870). This novel describes a (fictitious) plot to replace king Louis XIV (1638-1715) by his twin brother, who is incarcerated and has to wear an iron mask at all times. In fact, there was a prisoner in an iron mask, incarcerated in the Bastille, but historians have never been able to ascertain his identity.
"Le fainéant" ("The Indolent") is the actual nickname of one of the early French Kings. Louis V (967-987) was the last French King of the Caroline dynasty. He ascended the throne in 986 and died as soon as he became familiar with the political problems of that time, so well before he could tackle them. This might explain his denigrating nickname.
Napoleon's son, baptised Francis Charles Joseph Napoleon (also known as Napoleon II), was born in 1811. In 1814, he was sent to his grandfather, Francis of Austria. Sources indicate that Napoleon II died in 1832. Edmond de Rostand (1868-1918) dedicated a theatre play to this child, in which Rostand gave him the nickname "L'Aiglon" ("The Little Eagle"). Honegger's opera was based on this theatre play.
4. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky completed in 1880 an overture named after the year of the battle at the Berezina - the final defeat of Napoleon's Grand Army, after which he had to leave Russia. In what year did this battle take place? The overture makes use of a frantic rhythm, fragments of the Marseillaise refrain and several cannon shots to recreate the atmosphere of the battle.

Answer: 1812

Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) is perhaps the most famous Russian composer. He created 10 operas, several ballets (among which "The Swan Lake", "Sleeping Beauty" and "The Nutcracker"), piano concertos, and so on. His overture "1812" is one of his most bombastic creations.
Napoleon's Grand Army confronted at Borodino (near Moscow) in 1812 the Russian generals Mikhail Kutuzov (1745-1813) and Pyotr Bagration (1765-1812), both of whom Napoleon had already defeated at Austerlitz (1805). Although the outcome of the battle was indecisive, Napoleon soon discovered that his army was not enough to annex Russia to his grand Empire. Even the occupation of Moscow a few weeks later didn't help Napoleon: Kutuzov had set fire to the city. Later in the same year Kutuzov defeated the retreating French troops near the River Berezina.
Russian history considers Kutuzov and Bagration two of their finest national heroes. Tchaikovsky's overture contributes largely to Kutuzov's and Bagration's fame.
5. In 1942, Robert Heger named an opera after Horatio Nelson's mistress. This woman whom he met in Naples was married to an ambassador of one of the leading countries. Who was this woman with whom Nelson committed adultery? She died in 1815, leaving Nelson's daughter Horatia.

Answer: Lady Hamilton

Heger (1886-1978) was a German composer and conductor. He created three operas, of which "Lady Hamilton" is the one I picked for this question.
August von Kotzebue (1761-1819) was a German author. He was murdered by the German nationalist student Karl Sand. Little is known about his wife.
Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand (1754-1838) was a French politician who changed sides at every turn of the French Revolution. This frequent alteration of his points of view guaranteed him not only survival, but also a permanent grasp on French politics. Although many consider Talleyrand as an opportunist, he persevered in his efforts to increase the French role in the international scene. From 1797 until 1808, Talleyrand served as Minister of Foreign Affairs (function to be compared with the American Secretary of State).
Anna Karenina was not a real person, but the main character of the eponymous novel by Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910). This novel describes Anna's adultery with count Vronski.
Lady Emma Hamilton (1765-1815) was married to William Hamilton, British ambassador in Naples to the Kingdom of Both Sicily's. She met Horatio Nelson in 1793. He conceived two daughters with Lady Emma: Horatia (1801-1881) and another girl (born 1803, and deceased a few weeks later).
6. 1839 saw the first night of one of Friedrich von Flotow's operas. This opera describes the shipwreck of a ship named after a Greek mythological woman (by the way, one of the ugliest females in Greek mythology). The ship sank in 1816 off the coast of Senegal. What was the name of this ship? I ask here for the name as translated in English.

Answer: Medusa

Friedrich von Flotow (1812-1883) was a German composer. He composed 33 operas and at least five ballets. The opera I refer to was entitled "Le Naufrage de la Méduse". It was first performed in Paris, and later was rearranged in a German version. However, the score was lost in a fire.
In Greek mythology, Ariadne was the girl who helped Theseus to defeat the Minotaur and to find his way out of the notorious labyrinth.
Iphigenia was Agamemnon's daughter, who would be sacrificed to the gods in order to obtain favourable winds to start the Trojan War. However, she was miraculously saved by godly intervention.
Hippolyte was a mythical leader of the Amazons. One of Hercules' twelve tasks was to steal Hippolyte's girdle.
All these mythical girls had a nice face. This was not a quality of Medusa's, one of the Gorgons. Her looks were so frightening that anyone who would look at her became literally petrified of terror. Medusa had for example no ordinary hair, but a bunch of snakes. (I pity her barber...)
The Medusa was a French frigate. When it hit a sand bank and started sinking, there were not enough lifeboats to save all passengers. Some 150 people sought rescue on a raft, but only fifteen of them were saved. This episode was not only the subject of von Flotow's opera, but also of a world famous painting by Théodore Géricault (1791-1824).
7. Jacques Offenbach specialised in operettas. However, he also composed two serious operas, one of which was first performed in 1881. This opera relates the story of a German author who died in 1822. Few people know that he wrote the poem on which Tchaikovsky's "Nutcracker Suite" was based. What was his name?

Answer: Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann

Offenbach (1819-1880) was a prolific German composer, who assumed the French nationality later on. He completed at least 100 operettas (many of which shook the world), at least twenty vaudevilles, ballet music and two operas. The opera I hint at in this question is "Les Contes d'Hoffmann", also known as "Hoffmann's Erzählungen" ("Hoffmann's Tales"). It contains the famous Student Choral (of which the lyrics point out that the students are more interested in beer and wine than in their courses...)
Goethe (1749-1832) was a famous German romantic poet. His masterpiece is "Faust", which inspired an opera by Charles Gounod (1818-1893).
Schiller (1759-1805) was another notorious German author. Many of his theatre plays served as base for different pieces of classical music: "Wilhelm Tell" for Rossini's eponymous opera, "Die Rauber" for Verdi's opera "I Masnadieri" ("The Highwaymen"); "Ode an die Freude" ("Ode to Joy") for the final choral of Beethoven's Ninth symphony...
Heine (1797-1856), another German author, is perhaps less known nowadays as Goethe or Schiller, but his romantic poetry would guarantee him a place in literature. During the Nineteenth Century, Heine was widely admired.
Hoffmann (1776-1822) is nowadays the least famous of these four authors. Offenbach's opera "Les Contes d'Hoffmann" ("Hoffmann's Tales") relates Hoffmann's life and works. Hoffmann didn't only write novels, short stories and faerie tales, but he also composed the opera "Undine".
8. Juri A. Schaporin completed in 1953 his opera "Die Dekabristen" ("The Decembrists"), named after a revolting party in Russia in 1825. Who was the Czar against whom these Decembrists revolted?

Answer: Nicholas I

Schaporin (1887-1966) was a Russian composer. He created about 80 movie scores, one opera ("Die Dekabristen", which would be translated in English as "The Decembrists"), two oratorios, and some piano music.
Alexander II (1818-1881) ascended the Russian throne in 1855 in succession to Nicholas I. Alexander II abolished slavery (in name only, because the Russian peasants remained in a state of feudal serfdom).
Peter III (1728-1762) ascended to the throne in 1762. After a few months Peter's wife, Catherine the Great, declared that Peter had deceased after "stomach cramps". She didn't tell the people that Peter's "stomach cramps" were caused by a knife wound inflicted by one of her lovers.
Ivan IV (1530-1584) was appointed as Grand Duke of Moscow at the age of three. When he personally ascended the throne in 1547 (seventeen years old), he took the title of Czar of all Russians. He was the first to conquer harbours for Russia: Arkhangelsk on the White Sea and Narwa on the Baltic Sea.
The Decembrists revolted in December 1825 (hence their name) against Czar Nicholas I (1796-1855) as he wanted to ascend the throne to succeed Alexander I (1777-1825, Czar since 1805).
9. Gian-Carlo Menotti composed in 1986 an opera named after a Spanish painter who died in 1828. This painter is perhaps best known for his double portrait of "La Maya": one portrait entirely nude ("La Maya Desnuda", 1800) and one portrait in exactly the same pose, but dressed in contemporary fashion ("La Maya Vestida", 1803). Needless to say that modern illustrators use more frequently the nude portrait to illustrate the painter's talents. What is the name of this painter?

Answer: Francisco de Goya y Lucientes

Menotti (1911-2007) was an Italian composer. He completed ten operas, two ballets, one musical tragedy and three musical dramas. The revised version of his biographic opera "Goya" was his penultimate composition. The Spanish composer Enrique Granados (1867-1916) composed an opera "Goyescas" based upon Goya's works.
Velazquez (1599-1655) was a Spanish painter. His specialty was the making of portraits, more specifically of the royal family and their children. However, his painting of the "Surrender of Breda" became famous also. Only a very small number of his paintings were inspired on biblical characters or religious saints and heroes, as was common practice in those days.
Picasso (1881-1973) is probably the best known Spanish painter. He was one of the pioneers of cubism.
Miro (1893-1983) was a Spanish surrealist painter. His fame is eclipsed by his colleague Salvador Dali (1904-1989).
The portraits of "La Maya" were made by Goya (1746-1828). Besides some famous portraits, Goya left us also several paintings which depicted French atrocities during the Napoleonic wars.
10. Darius Milhaud created in 1950 an opera named after the most important freedom fighter in Latin America. This revolutionary died in 1830. Who was this man?

Answer: Simon Bolivar

Milhaud (1892-1974) was a prolific French composer. He left us fourteen operas (six of them are grouped into two trilogies). The opera I refer to in this question is entitled "Bolivar".
Ernesto "Che" Guevara (1928-1967) was an Argentine revolutionary. After having finished medical school, he travelled through South-America, supporting communist revolutions in Cuba and Bolivia.
Raul Alfonsin (born in 1933) was a former Argentinian politician. He was President of Argentina between 1983 and 1989.
Dom Helder Pessoa Camara (1909-1999) was a Brazilian priest. He was appointed the Archbishop of Recife. His primary objective was to improve the condition of the very poor. If this goal could only be achieved by diminishing the conservative powers within the Catholic Church, well, then so be it.
The only person living in the Nineteenth Century mentioned in this question is the Venezuelan Simon Bolivar (1783-1830). This general achieved the independence of Venezuela and Colombia (at that time united with Ecuador). Bolivia has honoured him by using his name for the country's name, and for its currency. Bolivar acted as President of Venezuela (1813-1814), President of Greater Colombia (1819-1830), President of Bolivia (1825), and President of Peru (1824-1827). So, he was President of three different countries at the same time in 1825. No wonder that these countries didn't go to war with each other during Bolivar's lifetime.
11. In 1836, a Jewish entrepreneur (first names Nathan Meyer) died. He was the founder of a banking corporation in London. Jerry Bock named in 1970 a musical after this European banker's family. What is the name of this family, almost synonymous in Europe for "opulent"?

Answer: The Rothschilds

Jerry Bock (born 1928) is an American composer. "The Rothschilds" was his final composition. Most of you will be acquainted with his musical "Fiddler on the Roof".
John Davison Rockefeller (1839-1937) founded Standard Oil in 1870. At the end of the nineteenth century, he was reputed to be the richest man in the world. In 1911, the US Supreme Court came to the verdict that Standard Oil broke the cartel legislation. Therefore, Standard Oil had to split. Some of the resulting companies are still petrol majors in our times: Amoco, Exxon, Chevron, and Mobil.
Morgan is a rather common name. In this question, I refer to the family of John Pierpont Morgan Sr. (1837-1913), who founded a business empire in the railway industry and started banking, and his son John Pierpont Morgan Jr. (1867-1943), who started granting loans to independent states.
Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919) was a Scottish entrepreneur who migrated to the USA. His business empire revolved on the steel industry: his factory Carnegie Steel was the basis for US Steel Corporation (nowadays USX).
The Rothschilds are the only European family mentioned in this question. Meyer Amschel Rothschild (1743-1812) was a German antique merchant, whose shop was marked with a red ensign (hence the family name: Rot is German for red, and Schildt is German for escutcheon or ensign). The Rothschild brothers started banks all over Europe: Amschel (1773-1855) opened a bank in Frankfurt, Salomon (1774-1855) in Vienna, Nathan (1777-1836) in London, Calmann (also named Carl, 1788-1855) in Naples and James (1792-1868) in Paris.
12. Vladimir Kobekin composed in 1983 an opera entitled "Puskins Tod" ("Pushkin's Death"). What was the cause of death of this notorious theatre playwright? He died in Russia in 1837.

Answer: Duelling

Kobekin is a Russian composer born in 1947. Up to 2000, he completed fourteen operas. The opera "Gibel Puskina" ("Pushkin's Death") is in fact the third part of a triptych named "Prorok" ("The Prophet"), in which figure three operas of one act each.
Pushkin (1799-1837) was one of the first Russian authors to reach world fame. Many of his theatre plays have served as base for opera libretti: "Boris Godunov" for an opera by Mussorgsky (1839-1881), "Pikovaya Demya" ("Queen of Spades") and "Yevgeni Onegin" ("Eugene Onegin") for operas by Tchaikovsky (1840-1893), "Ruslan i Lyudmila" for a fairy tale by Rimski-Korsakov (1844-1908).
A railway accident in 1837 would be quite astonishing. Besides, there were no railways in Russia in 1837. The first reported railway victim was a British politician named William Huskisson, who got overrun by a passenger train in 1830. One of the most famous railway victims was Antonio Gaudi (1852-1926), the Spanish architect.
Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) was a successful British author. She committed suicide by drowning.
Tuberculosis (during the nineteenth century more commonly denoted as "consumption") was a widespread disease. Many celebrities died of consumption. Examples include the British author Emily Bronte (1818-1848), the Polish composer Frederic Chopin (1810-1849) and the Italian sculptor Amedeo Modigliani (1884-1920).
Pushkin was fatally wounded during a duel. His opponent was baron Georges d'Anthès (1812-1895), a French - Dutch politician who had adopted the Russian nationality.
13. Franz Lehar completed in 1925 an operetta named after a world famous violinist. This Italian violinist was not only a virtuoso at the violin, but was also notorious as a womanizer. Who was this Romantic composer, whose masterpiece is the "Perpetuum Mobile"? He died in 1840.

Answer: Niccolo Paganini

Lehar (1870-1948) was an Austrian composer. He left us 22 operettas and some other compositions. Some highlights of his operettas are "Der Zarewitsch" ("The Czarewitch"), "Die lustige Witwe" ("The Merry Widow") and "Der Graf von Luxemburg" ("The Count of Luxemburg"). His operetta "Paganini" preceded "Der Zarewitsch" by two years.
Corelli (1653-1713) was an Italian baroque violinist and composer. While his contemporaries preferred music for singing roles, Corelli limited his efforts to instrumental compositions.
Pablo de Sarasate (1844-1908) was a Spanish violinist. He composed some gypsy melodies.
Grappelli (1908-1997) was a French jazz violinist. He left some improvisations.
The romantic violinist we're looking for in this question is Paganini (1782-1840). His violin compositions require a technical mastering of the instrument. His womanizing led to an attack of syphilis, and the cure for this disease proved fatal: the medicines that were used at that time to treat syphilis contained massive amounts of mercury. Paganini died of mercury poisoning provoked by his medication.
14. Eugène Gautier created in 1848 an opera which tailed the news headlines of that year. It was entitled "Les Barricades de 1848" and dealt with the series of revolutions which shocked Europe that year. The first revolution of 1848 took place in Paris, on February 22. Was the Communist Manifesto published prior to the Paris Revolt on February 22, 1848?

Answer: Yes

Gautier (1822-1878) was a French composer. He completed thirteen operas, one operetta, a lyrical comedy and a musical legend.
Marx (1818-1883) and Engels (1820-1895) had the ideas for the Communist Manifesto already for some time before 1848. However, the exact wording of this booklet took quite a while. The Manifesto was printed in London on February 20th or 21st, 1848. As it was published barely before the Paris Revolt of 1848, it is safe to say that the majority of the rebels did not act in response to the Communist Manifesto.
By the way, 1848 was a year in which several revolts took place: Paris (February and June), Berlin, Vienna, Prague, Parma, and Modena... The Nineteenth Century had a few revolutionary years, such as 1830 (Paris, Belgium, Poland, Greece, Italy) and 1871 (Paris Commune).
15. "Tatata tatata tatata ta taa". This is the world famous rhythm of a march composed by Johann Strauss to celebrate the Austrian general who defeated the Sardinian troops at Custoza in 1848. What was his name? By the way, Rene Koering also named a 1988 opera after this general.

Answer: Joseph Radetzky

Johann Strauss Sr. (1804-1849) is one of the most famous Austrian composers of the Nineteenth Century. In fact, his family dominated Viennese music during several decades: Johann Sr. was succeeded by his sons Johann Jr. (1825-1899), Joseph (1827-1870) and Eduard (1835-1916), and by Eduard's son Johann III (1866-1939).
Rene Koering (born in 1940) is a French composer. His third composition, to which I refer here, is entitled "La Marche de Radetzky" ("The Radetzky March"), which happens also to be the title of Strauss' composition.
Franz-Eugen von Savoyen (1663-1736) was an Austrian general, known in the English countries as Prince Eugene of Savoy. Together with Jan Sobieski (1629-1696), he defeated the Ottoman army near Vienna in 1683.
Blucher (1742-1819) was a Prussian field marshal. His troops came to assist the British under Wellington at the Battle of Waterloo (1815). However, at that time he was not in command: he was wounded two days earlier at Ligny.
Metternich (1773-1859) was not a military leader, but one of the most important Austrian diplomats. He dominated the Vienna Congress in 1815, at which the political future of Europe after the defeat of the Napoleonic army was redesigned.
Johann Joseph Wenzel Graf Radetzky von Radetz (1766-1858) was an Austrian field marshal who could still earn victories at an advanced age. He was 82 when he defeated a revolt near Custoza in the Italian Region Veneto (a region which was controlled by Austria in those years), and won another battle the year after near Novara (Piedmont, Italy).
16. Franz von Suppé completed in 1866 his overture "Leichte Kavallerie" ("Charge of the Light Brigade"). This overture was inspired by Lord Tennyson's poem "Charge of the Light Brigade". The poem made heroes of the British cavalry regiments who turned, in 1854, a tactical blunder into a strategic victory. Where did this charge take place?

Answer: Balaclava

Franz von Suppé (1819-1895) was a prolific Austrian composer, who completed at least 31 operettas. Www.operone.de lists no less than 179 of his compositions.
Alfred Lord Tennyson (1809-1892) was a famous British poet. The full text of the poem "Charge of the Light Brigade" can be found at http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Charge_of_the_Light_Brigade

Did you notice that only one of the four options mentioned above involved cavalry? If so, you would have certainly picked the right answer.
The battle of Thermopylae (480 BC) involved 300 Spartan hoplites (heavy armoured infantry) and some 5.200 other Greek troops on the one hand, and a great mass of Persian troops at the other hand (estimates differ widely, from 60.000 up to over 5.000.000). The Greek historian Herodotus mentions over five million Persians, but that is surely exaggerated. The Spartans had chosen a perfect battlefield: a small mountain-pass, so that the numeric advantage of the Persian troops was annihilated. The Persians have only defeated the Spartans because an infamous traitor (Ephialtes) showed them a way round the mountain pass.
The battle of Lepanto (1571) was a naval battle between a Christian coalition (Venice, Spain, the Papal States, Malta and Genoa) on the one hand, and an Ottoman (Turkish) fleet on the other hand. The two fleets consisted of roughly 275 boats each, but the Christian coalition was better equipped and used better tactics. Therefore the Turkish fleet was defeated, and the Ottoman Empire would no longer rule the Mediterranean Sea.
The naval battle of Tsushima (1905) was the final sea battle in the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), a major victory for Japan.
During the Crimean War (1852-1855), the Russian army fought against a coalition of French, Turkish and British troops. The British cavalry set out in the battle at Balaclava (1854): they charged recklessly at a heavily fortified bastion. The death toll was appalling: apparently only about one third of the troops survived the charge.
17. August Conradi composed in 1862 an opera named after the first person to publish realistic travel guides. This German author has given his name to the modern travel guide. He died in 1859. Who was this author?

Answer: Karl Baedeker

Conradi (1821-1873) was a German composer who left us at least 36 works for stage music. The composition I refer to in this question is "Baedekers Reisehandbuch" ("Baedeker's Travel Guide").
Pierre Larousse (1817-1875) was a French philologist. He published his first dictionary in 1852. The eponymous company edits each year an encyclopaedic dictionary.
Thomas Cook (1808-1892) was an English businessman. He founded the first travel organisation in 1841. The eponymous company is nowadays a multinational tour operator, with branches in almost every continent.
Raitz (born 1922) is one of the founders of a well-known travel organisation called "Horizon". This company started air charters in 1950.
Baedeker (1801-1859) is the only German within this quartet. He founded a library that specializes in (low-budget) travel guides. His impact on this market is so big that his name is used in German and in Dutch as a synonym for "travel guide".
18. 2003 saw the (posthumous) first night of Peter Kreuder's musical named after the Irish woman who performed Spanish dances before the royals and became the mistress to King Ludwig I of Bavaria. She died in 1861. What was this woman's artist's name?

Answer: Lola Montez

Kreuder (1905-1981) was a German composer. He composed fifteen musicals and revues. "Lola Montez" was performed posthumously.
Ludwig of Wittelsbach (1786-1868) ruled Bavaria between 1825 and 1848 under the name Ludwig I. He had to abdicate following revolts in 1848.
Mata Hari (1876-1917) was a Dutch girl born Margaretha Geertruida Zelle. She performed Arabic dances during the First World War. The French army had her charged with espionage for the Germans, and she was executed.
Nell Gwyn (1650-1687) started her career selling oranges in the Drury Lane Theatre in London. She was offered a job as an actress, and met in this quality King Charles II (1630-1685). Nell became Charles' mistress, but didn't meddle in politics.
Constance Chatterley is the main character of D.H. Lawrence's last novel "Lady Chatterley's Lover". David Herbert Lawrence (1885-1930) describes in his last novel how Constance Chatterley's feelings for her invalid husband Clifford gradually diminish in favour of their estate's supervisor.
Lola Montez (1818-1861) was the woman we're looking for in this question. Her name at birth was Marie Gilbert - the offspring of a Scot and a Creole woman. She died in New York after having been expelled from Bavaria (because of the scandal her relation to Ludwig caused), France (accused of killing a male dancer) and Great-Britain (accused of bigamy).
19. Galt MacDermot composed in 1973 a musical about the founder of communism. Who was this German, who published the first part of "Das Kapital" ("The Money") in 1867? He considered that this publication was his masterpiece. "The Capital" part 2 and 3 were published by his collaborator Friedrich Engels.

Answer: Karl Marx

MacDermot (born 1928) was a Canadian composer, conductor and pianist. Up till 2002, we know of 26 compositions of his. The musical I refer to in this question is "The Karl Marx Play".
Karl Marx (1818-1883) is of course a person who needs no introduction. All of you will certainly know that this philosopher "invented" communism. By the way, his first major publication coined the term: the "Communist Manifesto" was published in 1848.
20. Carl Millöcker created in 1874 a musical named after the supporters of the brother of King Ferdinand VII of Spain. When King Ferdinand finally fathered a daughter in 1830, he declared that his daughter Isabella would inherit the throne. Ferdinand's brother invoked the Salian Law (succession only in the male line) to contest Isabella's inheritance. This led to three civil wars in Spain, the last one between 1872 and 1876. What was the name of Ferdinand's brother?

Answer: Don Carlos

Millöcker (1842-1899) was an Austrian composer. He left us 20 operettas and over 70 other compositions. His best known operetta is "Der Bettelstudent" ("The Begging Student"). In this question, I refer to his work "Die Carlisten in Spanien" ("The Carlists in Spain").
Don Diego in this question doesn't refer to any Spanish royal descendent, but to the character "Don Diego" in the TV series "Zorro".
Don Felipe could refer to the Spanish prince (born 1968) who married the Spanish news anchor Letizia Ortiz (born 1972) in 2003. There was no Don Felipe involved in the Nineteenth Century civil wars in Spain.
There has been a historical Don Juan, and there is a fictitious Don Juan. The historical Don Juan (1545-1578) was an illegitimate child of Charles V, and led the Christian fleet at the battle of Lepanto (1571). The fictitious Don Juan is a character out of Tirso de Molina's novel "El Burlador de Sevilla" ("The Womanizer of Sevilla"), and gave his name also to Mozart's opera. This fictitious character is avenged by a stone statue of the father of one of the girls Don Giovanni seduced.
Don Carlos (1788-1855), count of Molina, was the crown prince of Spain until Isabella's birth. He assumed the title Carlos V when he proclaimed to be king, but he was defeated during the First Carlist War (1834-1840). Don Carlos' son was Carlos VI (1818-1861), count of Montemolin. He inspired the Second Carlist War (1846-1849). There was even a Third Carlist War (1872-1876), this time in favour of Don Carlos VII (1848-1909), a nephew of Carlos VI. By the way, the "Don Carlos" in the eponymous opera by Verdi (1813-1901) is not one of these Spanish crown pretenders, but the son and heir of King Philip II (1527-1598).
21. Louis Andriessen composed in 1980 an opera named after Frederic Chopin's mistress. What was her artist's name? She was a novelist and died in 1876. By the way, her artist's name sounds masculine, as was not uncommon in those days.

Answer: George Sand

Louis Andriessen (born 1939) was a Dutch composer, member of an artistic family. His uncle Willem (1887-1964), his father Hendrik (1892-1981) and his brother Jurriaan (born 1925) were composers, and his uncle Mari (1897-1979) was a notorious sculptor. Louis left us seven works for stage music. In this question, I chose Louis' composition "George Sand"
Denis Diderot (1713-1784) was a philosopher and author. He was one of the leading editors of the French "Encyclopédie". Diderot wrote many of the articles in the "Encyclopédie" himself.
Balzac (1799-1850) was a French novelist. His masterpiece is "La comédie humaine" ("The Human Comedy"): a series of hundreds of stories with an amazing number of persons.
Maupassant (1850-1893) was another prolific French author. He specialised in short stories. He left us with at least 300 works.
Sand (1804-1876) was born Aurore Dupin. From 1833 to 1834 she had an affair with the French author Alfred de Musset (1810-1857). From 1838 until 1847 she was the love interest of the Polish composer Frédéric Chopin (1810-1849).
22. Hervé created in 1889 a ballet named after a notorious event that took place in the same year. What was this event?

Answer: The Paris World Exhibition

Hervé is the nickname of a French composer born under the name Florimond Ronger (1825-1892). He completed 22 opera buffas, 19 operettas, 7 ballets, 26 pantomimes, 7 revues and yet more other compositions. His final ballet was "The Paris Exhibition", subject of this question.
Alfred Dreyfus (1859-1935) was an officer in the French army. He was charged with espionage and convicted to life imprisonment in 1894. The French president pardoned him in 1899 and he obtained full rehabilitation in 1906.
Alfred Nobel (1833-1896) invented dynamite in 1867 and gelignite in 1876. When he realised that his invention would not only be used for peaceful activities (for example in the mining industry), he decided to install a fund which grants the Nobel prizes every year. This fund started its activities in 1901.
Otto von Bismarck (1815-1898), the Prussian chancellor, was one of the leading forces after German unification. Bismarck achieved this goal in 1871, after the Franco-Prussian War. In order to maintain a strong German position, Bismarck undertook alliances with Russia and Austria.
Paris organised a World Exhibition in 1889, and grasped the occasion to celebrate the centennial birthday of the French Republic. The most prominent reminder of the Paris Exhibition of 1889 is of course the Eiffel Tower, constructed by Gustave Eiffel (1832-1923).
23. 1980 saw the first night of a musical by Cy Coleman, dedicated to one of the most famous circus owners. Who was this circus owner, who also invented large-scale publicity? This circus owner died in 1891.

Answer: Phineas Barnum

Coleman (1929-2004) was a pianist, singer and composer. He completed 14 musicals, among one which was "Barnum".
Harry Houdini was the artist's name of Erich Weiss (1874-1926), a notorious circus conjurer and escapologist.
Joop van den Ende (born 1942) is a Dutch TV tycoon. He promoted the circus clowns Bassie and Adriaan. Van den Ende and his business partner John de Mol (born 1957) founded the television conglomerate Endemol, which holds a large market share in European commercial television.
Fratellini (1932-1997) was a French actress and circus clown.
Phineas Taylor Barnum (1810-1891) was an American circus owner. In 1871, he joined his concurrent Bailey and started "The Greatest Show on Earth". He was the first to organise large advertising campaigns. In Dutch, these large campaigns are nowadays known as "barnum reclame" (Barnum publicity).
24. Luca Belcastro created in 2001 an opera entitled "1896", to commemorate sporting history. What was the 1896 event that Belcastro wanted to celebrate?

Answer: First Modern Olympic Games

The Italian Belcastro (born in 1964) made his composition debut with the opera "1896 - Pheidippides ... Corri ancora" ("1896 - Pheidippides ... Still Running"). I have chosen not to mention the subtitle of this opera, because "Still Running" would almost give the answer away. Pheidippides, by the way, is the name of the Greek soldier who would have run from Marathon to Athens in order to break the news of the Greek victory in 490 BC. (This is a very early urban legend: in fact, Pheidippides was not at Marathon, but ran to Sparta in order to call for help).
The tennis championships at Wimbledon started in 1877. The first champion was the Briton Spencer Gore. In 1884 the Ladies Singles Championship started (first champion: Maud Watson).
The first World Cup soccer was held in Uruguay in 1930, at the initiative of the French FIFA President Jules Rimet (1873-1956). The organising country won the finals against Argentina.
The first Tour de France, the most famous cycling event, was organised in 1903 by Henri Desgrange (1865-1943). This first Tour was won by Maurice Garin (1871-1957).
Baron Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937) developed the idea to revive the Olympic Games that were once organised in Greece. Coubertin hoped that all competing countries would halt war because of the Olympic Games. The first Olympics were held in Athens in 1896.
25. Fritz Kreisler dedicated an opera in 1932 after an Austrian Empress, who also inspired three movies starring Romy Schneider. What was the popular name of this Austrian Empress, married to Franz Joseph? She died in 1898.

Answer: Elisabeth von Wittelsbach

Kreisler (1875-1962) was an Austrian violinist and composer. He completed two operettas: "Apple Blossoms" and "Sissy".
Elisabeth of Wittelsbach (1837-1898) married Franz Joseph, who was the Austrian Emperor from 1848 until 1916. Elisabeth was killed by the Italian anarchist Luigi Lucheni (1873-1910).
Romy Schneider (1938-1982) played Elisabeth in the three movies "Sissi" directed in 1955, 1956 and 1957 by Ernst Marischka.
Source: Author JanIQ

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This quiz is part of series Operatic History:

These quizzes combine history with classical music, especially opera. Have fun with one of my combo lists.

  1. Operatic Greek Myth Average
  2. Operatic Non-Greek Myth and Legend Average
  3. Operatic Roman History Average
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  5. Operatic Medieval History: I Average
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  7. Operatic Medieval History III Easier
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  10. Operatic History - the Sixteenth Century Average
  11. Operatic History: the Seventeenth Century Tough
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