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Quiz about Philosophers of the Enlightenment
Quiz about Philosophers of the Enlightenment

Philosophers of the Enlightenment Quiz

During the Enlightenment in Europe, many philosophers expressed new ideas in terms of government, laws, etc. Can you answer a few questions about these philosophers, their works, and beliefs?

A multiple-choice quiz by rolfch1p. Estimated time: 4 mins.
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Author
rolfch1p
Time
4 mins
Type
Multiple Choice
Quiz #
334,150
Updated
Dec 03 21
# Qns
10
Difficulty
Average
Avg Score
7 / 10
Plays
1003
Awards
Top 20% Quiz
Last 3 plays: Guest 31 (10/10), Guest 76 (10/10), JanIQ (9/10).
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Question 1 of 10
1. This philosopher wrote "Leviathan". He stated that absolute monarchies are the best type of government. He stated "In this state of nature, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short..." He was an extremely pessimistic person, looking down on human nature. Hint


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Question 2 of 10
2. This philosophe was a French writer who wrote about government. He published "On the Spirit of Laws" in 1748. He especially admired Britain's government because of its inbuilt 'checks and balances'. Hint


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Question 3 of 10
3. This philosophe was exiled twice from France to England because he used satire against the French government. He used his quill pen to write many works on religious tolerance and freedom of speech. He wrote "Candide". Hint


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Question 4 of 10
4. This Italian philosopher wrote about crime and punishment. He didn't like the French judicial system. He advocated speedy trial, no torture, and definitely no capital punishment. Hint


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Question 5 of 10
5. This philosopher had a very optimistic view of human nature, unlike Hobbes. He stated that in a state of nature, humans are neutral, not bad like Hobbes said. He advocated self government, a direct democracy. He formulated the three natural rights - life, liberty, and property. Hint


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Question 6 of 10
6. This philosopher strongly disagreed with other philosophes that science, art, reason improves the lives of people. He thought that civilization corrupts people. He believed in radical egalitarian reforms such as redistributing wealth and eliminating the aristocracy. He published "The Social Contract" in 1762. Hint


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Question 7 of 10
7. This female philosopher fought for women's participation in politics and education. She wrote "A Vindication of the Rights of Women" in 1792. She also argued that women should be able to become more than just nurses, but also doctors. Hint


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Question 8 of 10
8. What was another name for the Enlightenment? Hint


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Question 9 of 10
9. Who wrote "Two Treaties on Government", a book which justified the overthrowing of James II in the Glorious Revolution? Hint


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Question 10 of 10
10. What was the book "A Serious Proposal to the Ladies" about? Hint



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Nov 19 2024 : Guest 31: 10/10
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Quiz Answer Key and Fun Facts
1. This philosopher wrote "Leviathan". He stated that absolute monarchies are the best type of government. He stated "In this state of nature, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short..." He was an extremely pessimistic person, looking down on human nature.

Answer: Thomas Hobbes

 The above describes Hobbes. He believed that in a state of nature, humans were evil and there would be chaos. He believed that a social contract needed to be formed between ruler and his people. He therefore supported absolute monarchy.
2. This philosophe was a French writer who wrote about government. He published "On the Spirit of Laws" in 1748. He especially admired Britain's government because of its inbuilt 'checks and balances'.

Answer: Baron de Montesquieu

 Montesquieu liked the English system of government very much. He liked its separation of power in which the members of parliament, judges, and the monarch check and balance each other's power - though for propaganda purposes he exaggeated the effectiveness of this. Montesquieu greatly influenced the United States Constitution.
3. This philosophe was exiled twice from France to England because he used satire against the French government. He used his quill pen to write many works on religious tolerance and freedom of speech. He wrote "Candide".

Answer: Francois Marie Arouet (Voltaire)

 His pen name was Voltaire. He was jailed twice for lèse majesté (insulting the monarchy) and blasphemy. 'Candide' was a philosophical tale, a picaresque novel about Deism. Deism was a new idea that God created the world with its own set of laws. God made the world, then He left it alone.
4. This Italian philosopher wrote about crime and punishment. He didn't like the French judicial system. He advocated speedy trial, no torture, and definitely no capital punishment.

Answer: Beccaria

 One of his key contributions to thinking on criminal justice was his emphasis on the importance of the likelinhood of detection and conviction. He believed that in the 18th century very few criminals were actually caught and that the legal systems tended to savage the few who were caught. He stressed that if detection became more probable most punishments could be reduced.
5. This philosopher had a very optimistic view of human nature, unlike Hobbes. He stated that in a state of nature, humans are neutral, not bad like Hobbes said. He advocated self government, a direct democracy. He formulated the three natural rights - life, liberty, and property.

Answer: John Locke

 John Locke greatly influenced the American Revolution. His ideas that the government protects people's natural rights influenced the Declaration of Independence.
6. This philosopher strongly disagreed with other philosophes that science, art, reason improves the lives of people. He thought that civilization corrupts people. He believed in radical egalitarian reforms such as redistributing wealth and eliminating the aristocracy. He published "The Social Contract" in 1762.

Answer: Rousseau

 Not only did Rousseau accomplish all of the above, he also invented the 'confessional autobiography'. His autobiography was a highly emotional self confession of shame and humiliation.
7. This female philosopher fought for women's participation in politics and education. She wrote "A Vindication of the Rights of Women" in 1792. She also argued that women should be able to become more than just nurses, but also doctors.

Answer: Mary Wollstonecraft

 Wollstonecraft was the grandmother of Mary Shelly, author of "Frankenstein".
8. What was another name for the Enlightenment?

Answer: Age of Reason

 Thinkers during the Enlightenment believed that truth could be discovered through reason or logical thinking. They defined reason as thinking without intolerance, bigotry, and prejudice.
9. Who wrote "Two Treaties on Government", a book which justified the overthrowing of James II in the Glorious Revolution?

Answer: John Locke

 James violated Locke's idea that government protects the natural rights of people. Thus he justified the Glorious Revolution.
10. What was the book "A Serious Proposal to the Ladies" about?

Answer: Women's rights in the home

 The book was about women's rights at home. One of its famous quotes is: "If absolute sovereignty be not necessary in a state, how come it to be so in a family? If all men are born free, how is it that all women are born slaves?" It was published in 1694.
Source: Author rolfch1p

This quiz was reviewed by FunTrivia editor bloomsby before going online.
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Referenced Topics
History   World   People   Science   English   Government   European Geography   European History   Famous Quotes   England   Criminals   French Language   Names   American Revolution   Crime and Punishment   French History   Italian History   Treaties   Declaration of Independence   The Enlightenment History  

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