Motor and Social Development in Early Childhood Multiple Choice Quiz | Sci / Tech

Quiz Answer Key and Fun Facts

1. Which of these is not an automatic reflex which occurs in infants?

Answer: Cephalocaudal

Cephalocaudal actually refers to a theory of growth which proposes the head (brain) develops initially, followed by the trunk and arms, and finally the legs. Tonic neck, Moro and Babinski are all voluntary reflexes. Tonic neck occurs when a baby moves his or her arm across the eyes to protect them when threatened; it disappears at about four months.

The Moro reflex, apparent for six months, allows the infant to reach his or her arms out if there is a loss of support. The Babinski reflex, which is outgrown between eight and twelve months, is noticeable when a child curls its toes towards the sole of the foot when it is touched.

2. Attachment, the close and secure relationships a child has with important people in their lives, is a significant indicator of later social development. A child who becomes upset when a parent or other close person leaves them is likely to be in which stage of attachment?

Answer: Clear-cut attachment

Clear-cut attachment, which most children go through between six to eight months and eighteen months to two years, is the first stage of definite attachment. After pre-attachment (birth to six weeks) and attachment-in-the-making (six weeks to six to eight months), and before formation of a reciprocal relationship (eighteen months onward), a child realises that their close person does still exist when he or she leaves, and that the child is being abandoned.

This often results in protests or attempts to delay the adult's departure.

3. Which is the first type of grasp (for holding pencils and other implements) that children generally develop?

Answer: Palmar Grasp

The palmar grasp is a reflex evident in infants, used by children up to the age of three or four to hold objects. The child places the object in his or her palm, and wraps the fingers and thumb around it. Children who persist with this grasp, instead of adapting to more complex grasps such as the pincer, superior forefinger, and dynamic tripod, can have trouble with handwriting and other fine motor tasks.

4. There are four recognisable categories of parenting styles, which reflect on the demandingness and responsiveness of parents towards their children, and they are a significant factor in the later social development of children. A parent who is undemanding but responsive can be classed as what kind of parent?

Answer: Permissive

Permissive parents are loving and caring towards their children, but are somewhat lax about discipline and allow their children to make their own decisions. Children with permissive parents often grow up to be immmature and irresponsible. Authoritarian parents are demanding and unresponsive, which generally results in little warmth but high discipline for children. Uninvolved parents are undemanding and unresponsive, and can be considered negligent. Authoritative parenting is accepted as the ideal category, as parents have reasonable expectations for their children's behaviour, and are warm and affectionate.

5. Which child development researcher developed the principle of the socio-cultural theory?

Answer: Vygotsky

Vygotsky's socio-cultural theory suggests that children acquire the thought and behavioural patterns acceptable in the particular society by engaging with and modelling the actions of older members of the community.

6. Which of these gross motor skills is an example of manipulation, defined in this context as using hands and/or feet?

Answer: Kicking

Manipulation - of which kicking and throwing are two examples - refers to the impartation of force onto objects, as opposed to locomotion (including skipping, jumping, and walking) which is concerned with movement. Along with stability, manipulation and locomotion form the three categories of gross motor abilities.

7. When determining the emotions experienced by an infant (under two years of age), the main factor researchers depend on is what?

Answer: Facial expressions

A baby exhibits recognisable facial expressions, such as smiling, frowning, looks of surprise, disgust, and so on, almost as soon as they are born. Since a child under two years would not have particularly reliable verbal skills, nor could a mother's subjective viewpoint be considered factual, facial expressions are used as the main determinant of emotions like anger, joy, fear, excitement, and distress.

8. For many children, being subjected to abuse at the hands of parents or other adults in their early years can result in developmental problems, both in terms of motor and social skills. Which form of abuse or neglect occurs when the adult fails to respond adequately to children's need for affection and love?

Answer: Emotional Neglect

All types of child maltreatment are tragic, and for large numbers of children experiencing abuse or neglect, later problems in their physical growth and social and emotional development will occur. Often children who already suffer from problems such as hyperactivity or inattention are at increased risk of maltreatment, because caregivers are likely to be more stressed as a result.

9. Which of these is not a component of motor fitness in early childhood and later life?

Answer: Flexibility

Speed, balance, and agility combine to assist humans to move or manipulate objects with ease, which are the main factors of motor fitness. Flexibility, on the other hand, is not essential for activities such as running, jumping, or kicking a ball.

10. An understanding of motor and social development is important for people who work with children in the early years, such as teachers, doctors, nurses, counselors, and psychologists. Which of these is a tool used by such people that records, in the present tense, every action of a particular child over a continuous period of time, in order to gain a better comprehension of an aspect of that child's motor or social development?

Answer: Running Record

A checklist allows the early childhood professional to observe specific behaviours on individual occasions, not as part of a continuous episode. An anecdotal record is written after the event, using the past tense, and may not cover every movement as a running record does. An event sampling record is applied when the observer records every instance of a particular behaviour (empathy, for example) over a given time.

Source: Author biscuit_girl

This quiz was reviewed by FunTrivia editor crisw before going online.
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Motor and Social Development in Early Childhood Quiz

From birth to eight years, children undergo the greatest rate of growth in their lives. This quiz tests your knowledge of some of the changes that help a tiny baby grow into an adult. Thanks to L. Berk's "Child Development" for this information.

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