Question #96225. Asked by
star_gazer.
Last updated May 15 2021.
In the 16th century Protestant reformers offered several alternative interpretations of the Eucharist. Martin Luther taught consubstantion; that Christ is present “in, with, and under” the elements, rather than that the elements of the bread and wine were changed in any way. The Swiss reformer Huldreich Zwingli denied any real connection between the bread and wine and the body and blood of Christ. He believed that at the celebration of the Last Supper, which recalls to worshipers the words and deeds of the Lord, Christ is with them by the power of the Holy Spirit. According to Zwingli, the bread and wine recall the Last Supper, but no metaphysical change takes place in them. John Calvin argued that Christ is present both symbolically and by his spiritual power, which is imparted by his body in heaven to the souls of believers as they partake of the Eucharist. This position, which has been called “dynamic presence”, occupies a middle ground between the doctrines of Luther and Zwingli. The current Anglican doctrine affirms the real presence of Christ, without specifying its mode.http://ringlingdocents.org/eucharist.htm
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