Did They Really Name It After Me? Quiz

Known internationally by many different names, a Berliner is a fried doughnut without a hole in the middle, usually filled with jam (jelly) and covered in powdered sugar. Their name stems from a legend about having been invented by a baker from Berlin in the 19th century: they are, however, found all over Germany, where they are available year round, in spite of their original association with New Year's Eve and Carnival. In fact, in southern Germany they are also called Faschingskrapfen (Carnival doughnuts).

Berliner doughnuts are also associated with John F. Kennedy, who uttered th sentence "Ich bin ein Berliner" ("I am a citizen of Berlin") when he visited the then-divided city in 1963. Though an urban legend created decades later reports that the audience laughed at him - interpreting the phrase as "I am a jam doughnut" - no true person from Berlin would actually interpret the sentence in that particular way, as in Berlin and eastern Germany these doughnuts are known as Pfannkuchen, which means pancakes.

Although named after Christopher Columbus' home town, Genoa salami is an American creation, and one of the most common varieties of salami found in the US. It is made from coarsely ground pork seasoned with wine, salt and spices in a natural casing, and treated with bacteria or yeast in order to preserve it. In grocery stores it is usually available already sliced. A similar variety of salami commonly found in Italy is called salame Milano. The original Italian salami that inspired the American one is produced in small quantities in the village of Sant'Olcese, on the outskirts of Genoa: it is made from pork and beef, containing larger pieces of fat and whole black peppercorns.

Other well-known foods named after Genoa are the fragrant basil pesto sauce (known in Italian as "pesto alla genovese"), the fruitcake known as Genoa cake, and génoise, a kind of sponge cake.

Also known as bigarade or bitter oranges, Seville oranges are the fruits of Citrus x aurantium, a tree believed to be a hybrid between the pomelo and the mandarin. Unlike sweet oranges, Seville oranges are mainly cultivated for their highly aromatic essential oil - widely used in perfumery - rather than for eating or juicing. Both their rind and their pulp, however, are used to make traditional British orange marmalade, as well as the sauce for the famous French dish "canard (duck) à l'orange". Orange liqueurs such as Grand Marnier and Triple Sec also contain distilled essence of Seville oranges.

Though grown in Seville, where orange trees (probably introduced by the Arabs in the Middle Ages) line the city streets, bitter oranges are rarely consumed there, but for the most part shipped to the UK where they are turned into marmalade. They are, however, widely used for beauty and health purposes.

The connection between the popular Neapolitan ice cream and the Italian city of Naples is still unclear. The English-language name, dating from the late 19th century, reflects the widespread belief that the three-layered concoction of vanilla, strawberry and chocolate ice cream was brought to the US by immigrants from Naples, a city renowned for their delicious desserts (frozen or otherwise). The ancestor of Neapolitan ice cream, spumone (or spumoni, which would be plural in Italian), was a similar preparation of moulded ice cream - often containing fruits or nuts - though with different flavours (usually cherry and pistachio as well as chocolate). The scrumptious-looking Neapolitan ice cream in the photo comes in the shape of an ice cream cake, though in the US it is generally sold in tubs with the three layers arranged side by side.

The best-known food named after Naples, of course, is the beloved Neapolitan pizza, characterized by its thick, frame-like border. The art of Neapolitan pizza-making was included in UNESCO's Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2017.

The former capital of the Duchy of Burgundy, Dijon - located in eastern France - was one of Europe's wealthiest cities in the High and Late Middle Ages. With a rich food and wine tradition, Dijon is internationally known for its mustard, first prepared in the mid-14th century for the table of King Philip VI of France. However, the recipe currently used to make Dijon mustard was created much later, in the mid-18th century, mustard producer Jean Naigeon replaced sour grape juice (verjuice) with vinegar. Modern Dijon mustard - manufactured by brands such as Maille and Grey Poupon (both based in or near Dijon) - contains brown mustard seeds (Brassica juncea), white wine, vinegar, water, and salt.

Dijon is also known for its blackcurrant liqueur, or crème de cassis, which is mixed with white wine in the popular apéritif cocktail known as Kir.

Definitely not suitable for dieters, Chicken Kiev (or Kyiv, the Ukrainian name of the city) consists of a pounded chicken fillet rolled around a piece of cold butter, then breaded and fried (or sometimes baked). Though its origins are still debated, it is a very popular dish in the countries that were formerly part of the USSR and the Eastern Block, where it is referred to by the Russified French name of "kotleta-de-voliay" ("côtelette de volaille", meaning chicken cutlet). In the classical Russian recipe, dating from the early 20th century, the stuffing is a mixture of minced meat, cream and butter. In Kyiv it is believed the dish was invented in the restaurant of a luxury hotel at the beginning of the 20th century.

In the traditional version of Chicken Kiev, the humerus bone of the wing is left attached, and the stuffing is regular butter; in Western versions, a boneless piece of meat is used (as in the photo), and the stuffing is often butter with garlic and herbs. In a stamp issued in 2018 by the Ukrainian Post, a "Kyiv-style cutlet" is depicted with the bone decorated by a dainty paper frill, as the dish is usually served in Ukraine.

Many probably only know of Kalamata's existence because of the tasty black olives produced there. Though not a particularly large city, Kalamata is the second most populous city in Greece's Peloponnese peninsula, and the chief port of its region, Messenia. Kalamata olives were originally produced only in the city and in the surrounding area, and the legal name refers to that particular region. However, most of the olives marketed as Kalamata are now grown elsewhere. The trees that produce Kalamata olives have considerably larger leaves than other olive trees. The olives have an elongated shape and a distinctive dark purple colour. They need to be harvested by hand when ripe and are prepared by being placed in strong brine for up to three months to remove the bitterness prior to being packed in oil or a brine-vinegar solution.

Kalamata olives are one of the ingredients of the popular Greek ("horiatiki") salad; their assertive flavour makes them a welcome addition to a variety of dishes, such as pastas or braised vegetables.

Interestingly, Vienna sausages are known as "Frankfurter Würstl" (Frankfurt sausages) in Austria, and as "Wiener Würstchen" (little Viennese sausages) in Germany. Made of a mix of finely ground pork and beef in a thin, edible casing, they are parboiled and smoked at low temperature. In some parts of Europe (where they are known by different names), sausages made of chicken or turkey are also available. Traditionally used for hot dogs, Vienna sausages were brought to the US by Central European immigrants, and have now become an American staple. They can also be found canned, especially the smaller, cocktail-style kind (shown in the photo).

The Austrian capital of Vienna has given its name to a number of well-known dishes, such as Wiener Schnitzel (breaded, pan-fried veal cutlet), viennoiserie (baked goods known in English-speaking countries as Danish pastries), and Viennese coffee (coffee with chocolate and whipped cream).

The historic French town of Chantilly, also known for its lace, is part of the Paris metropolitan area. Crème Chantilly (Chantilly cream) is a fancy name for whipped cream, usually of the sweetened kind. However, there is no agreement among cookery writers on whether whipped cream must be sweetened in order to be called crème Chantilly. This delectable concoction is believed to have been created at the Château de Chantilly - a historic Renaissance château associated with refined cuisine - either in the 17th or the 18th century, though the name became common in the 19th century.

Chantilly cake, a tall layer cake with berries and whipped cream, is a recent American creation from New Orleans.

Brussels sprouts are among the vegetables that people most like to hate. One of the many cultivars of Brassica oleracea (which also include cabbage, kale, broccoli and cauliflower), they are small, edible buds that look like miniature cabbages. Though native to the Mediterranean region, they were first introduced in northern Europe in late antiquity; in the Middle Ages they started being grown in what is now Belgium, in particular the area around Brussels - hence their name. Brussels sprouts are quite popular in northern and western Europe, where they are often traditionally prepared as a side dish for Christmas turkey or ham. Much of their bad reputation is due to overcooking, which often happens when they are boiled. Roasting or stir-frying are much better ways to cook Brussels sprouts to preserve their flavour and texture.

Another vegetable associated with Belgium (though not specifically with Brussels) is Belgian endive, or witloof (white leaf) - so named because it is grown indoors in absence of sunlight, which prevents the leaves from turning green.