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Quiz about Vermeer Portraits of Women
Quiz about Vermeer Portraits of Women

Vermeer: Portraits of Women Trivia Quiz


"No Dutch painter ever honoured women as he (Vermeer) did." So wrote Dr. A.B. de Vries, and the paintings bear out his assessment. See if you can identify the portraits from the descriptions.

A multiple-choice quiz by jouen58. Estimated time: 7 mins.
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Author
jouen58
Time
7 mins
Type
Multiple Choice
Quiz #
127,049
Updated
Jul 23 22
# Qns
15
Difficulty
Tough
Avg Score
8 / 15
Plays
1602
Awards
Editor's Choice
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Question 1 of 15
1. The central figure of Vermeer's earliest signed and dated painting is a seated woman in a gold-colored dress holding a glass of wine, which has reddened her cheeks. She is in very merry company; one man has his hand rather familiarly on her breast and is placing a coin in her open palm. She herself is smiling but seems, nonetheless, somewhat pensive. Hint


Question 2 of 15
2. There are two paintings with this title. The young woman in this painting appears heavily pregnant, stands before a map on the wall, and wears a very serious expression. Hint


Question 3 of 15
3. The subject of this painting sits in an ornately carved wooden chair and looks at the viewer. She wears a rather dull blue-grey dress (with yellow highlights), the color of which effectively contrasts with that of her principal adornment. Hint


Question 4 of 15
4. The principal feature of this painting is the expression of the richly dressed young woman as she adorns herself in the mirror. Hint


Question 5 of 15
5. This young woman opens a beautiful leaded-glass window; the sunlight which streams through illuminates her starched white headdress (rather like a nun's) and the dark but vivid blue of her skirt. Hint


Question 6 of 15
6. Like many artists of his day, Vermeer was known to use the "camera obscura" to view his subjects. The slight blurring of color and detail of objects in the foreground of this famous painting of a young girl at work may be due to this device, which sharpens focus in the background but tends to distort or blur the closer an object is. The young woman in the painting is seated and bends over her work, which clearly occupies all of her attention. Hint


Question 7 of 15
7. The young woman in this early painting sits at a table set with a bowl of fruit, a jug, and a colorful Oriental carpet. She has dark hair and a wine-red dress. Hint


Question 8 of 15
8. The second of two paintings with this title shows two women framed by a doorway, one seated and one standing. The seated one holds a lute, which she had been playing. She is richly dressed and looks up at the other with a questioning, anxious expression The other woman is handing her something and looks down at her with a knowing, sly expression. Hint


Question 9 of 15
9. A large painting of "The Last Judgement" hanging on the wall behind this woman poses an interesting juxtaposition to the activity she is engaged in. Hint


Question 10 of 15
10. This young working class girl is plainly, but colorfully dressed in a yellow blouse, a cobalt-blue apron, and red skirt. Her hair is completely covered by a plain white headpiece. The wall behind her is bare except for two baskets- one of willow and one of bright polished copper. She stands over a somewhat cluttered table. Hint


Question 11 of 15
11. There are three paintings of women engaged in this activity; in two, the subject is standing, in one she is seated. In this one, the girl stands with her back to us; we see her face only in a mirror above her head. Hint


Question 12 of 15
12. We see only the shadowy back and a bit of the rear profile of the companion to whom this young woman is listening, obviously with great enjoyment and pleasure. Hint


Question 13 of 15
13. This elegantly dressed woman sits in front of a landscape painting in an ornately carved and gilded frame. She wears a gold-colored dress trimmed in ermine and, judging by the smile on her face, clearly enjoys the activity she is engaged in. Hint


Question 14 of 15
14. Brilliantly dressed in coral and gold, this young woman looks directly at the viewer with an expression that seems to mock the two men seen with her, one fawning over her and one sulking at the table. Hint


Question 15 of 15
15. This is probably Vermeer's most recognizeable painting and has recently been the subject of a best selling book. The young woman wears a yellow and blue turban-like headdress and a yellow dress. She looks almost directly at the viewer. Unusually for a Vermeer painting, the background is completely dark and void of detail, focusing attention solely on the girl's face. Hint



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Quiz Answer Key and Fun Facts
1. The central figure of Vermeer's earliest signed and dated painting is a seated woman in a gold-colored dress holding a glass of wine, which has reddened her cheeks. She is in very merry company; one man has his hand rather familiarly on her breast and is placing a coin in her open palm. She herself is smiling but seems, nonetheless, somewhat pensive.

Answer: The Procuress

Although we might consider the subject matter of this painting to be somewhat risque by 17th century standards, such paintings were frequently found in respectable homes. They were considered a sort of visual cautionary tale, warning against vice, drunkeness, and excess. A painting of the same title by Dirck van Baburan was owned by Vermeer's mother-in-law, and can be seen in the backround of two of Vermeer's own paintings: "The Concert" and "Lady Seated at a Virginal".

Van Baburan's painting depicts a buxom young woman playing a lute to entertain one of her "clients". An aged, toothless woman (clearly the "procuress" of the title) stands at the right and points to her empty palm, as a reminder of the fee owed her for arranging the tryst. Vermeer's treatment of the subject is quite different; here the procuress of the title is a black-clad figure, barely noticeable in the background. The scene takes place, not in a brothel, but in what seems to be a respectable home, and the central female figure is probably the lady of the house. The wine that has brought color to her cheeks has also loosened her virtue; she accepts both the young man's coin and his hand groping her breast. A rather costly wine carafe of painted porcelain and silver stands at the edge of the table near her elbow. It's extremely precarious position (one move of her arm will send it crashing to the floor) stands as a metaphor for the state of her virtue.

This painting contains a possible self-portrait of the artist; the gentleman standing at the extreme left of the painting is believed to be Vermeer himself.
2. There are two paintings with this title. The young woman in this painting appears heavily pregnant, stands before a map on the wall, and wears a very serious expression.

Answer: The Letter (a.k.a. Woman in Blue)

The young woman in this painting appears to be with child, which has given rise to speculation that the model was Vermeer's own wife Catherina, who bore him fifteen children. There is some question as to whether she is indeed pregnant, or whether the garment she is wearing (known as a farthingale) simply gives the appearance of pregnancy. The general consensus seems to be that she is with child, but that she is not necessarily Vermeer's wife. A map on the wall behind the woman (maps frequently feature in the background of Vermeer's paintings) suggests that possibly the letter is from someone traveling abroad (probably her husband).

The 1657 painting "Woman Reading a Letter by an Open Window" is similar in several respects, and uses apparently the same model. X-rays indicate that this earlier painting included a painting of a cupid on the wall behind the girl, indicating that she was reading a love letter.
3. The subject of this painting sits in an ornately carved wooden chair and looks at the viewer. She wears a rather dull blue-grey dress (with yellow highlights), the color of which effectively contrasts with that of her principal adornment.

Answer: Girl With a Red Hat

You can almost feel the warmth of the hat's bright red fur in this painting. The hat shades the upper half of the girl's head, drawing the viewer's attention to her lips, which echo the redness of the hat. As with "The Lacemaker", there are indications that Vermeer used a camera obscura for this portrait.

The rather blurred quality of the carved woodwork towards the front of the painting is typical of the effect that a camera obscura gives.
4. The principal feature of this painting is the expression of the richly dressed young woman as she adorns herself in the mirror.

Answer: Girl With a Pearl Necklace

The young woman's expression is one of awe verging on delight as she holds the necklace up to her throat. Pearls were a common feature in Vermeer's paintings (as we'll see further), and he painted them with great skill. The gold-colored dress, luxuriously trimmed with ermine, will also feature in a number of other paintings.

A letter on her dressing table indicates that she is adorning herself for a tryst with a lover.
5. This young woman opens a beautiful leaded-glass window; the sunlight which streams through illuminates her starched white headdress (rather like a nun's) and the dark but vivid blue of her skirt.

Answer: Young Woman With a Water Pitcher

This was the first Vermeer painting I ever saw, and it remains my favorite. The brass pitcher and tray are also beautifully rendered. The map on the wall behind features in a number of Vermeer's paintings. It has been suggested that this painting is an allegory of virtue; the woman looks through the open window to the world outside. On the table are the water pitcher (symbolizing purity and virtue) and a box of pearls and laces (symbolic of worldly luxury).

Her hand is upon the pitcher, indicating the choice she has made. On a more basic level, this can be viewed simply as a genre painting.
6. Like many artists of his day, Vermeer was known to use the "camera obscura" to view his subjects. The slight blurring of color and detail of objects in the foreground of this famous painting of a young girl at work may be due to this device, which sharpens focus in the background but tends to distort or blur the closer an object is. The young woman in the painting is seated and bends over her work, which clearly occupies all of her attention.

Answer: The Lacemaker

The brightly colored threads spilling out of the pillow in the foreground of the painting are in much less clear focus than the young woman's features. The red threads at the forefront form a rather arabesque pattern and take on an almost liquid quality.

The making of lace by hand was laborious and intricate work, and required considerable skill and concentration, which this painting masterfully portrays. Much of this young woman's downcast head is buried in the shadows; only her skillful hands are fully lighted.
7. The young woman in this early painting sits at a table set with a bowl of fruit, a jug, and a colorful Oriental carpet. She has dark hair and a wine-red dress.

Answer: Girl Asleep at a Table

The girl has nodded off with her chin resting on her hand; one senses that she will start awake at any moment. The wine on the table suggests the cause of her unusual drowsiness. Many 17th century Dutch paintings depicted servant girls who had fallen asleep after dipping into the wine; in this painting, the girl's elegant dress, and the fact that she is seated at table, suggest that she is the lady of the house. Oriental carpets, such as the one in this painting, were frequently used as table coverings in Vermeer's time.
8. The second of two paintings with this title shows two women framed by a doorway, one seated and one standing. The seated one holds a lute, which she had been playing. She is richly dressed and looks up at the other with a questioning, anxious expression The other woman is handing her something and looks down at her with a knowing, sly expression.

Answer: The Letter (a.k.a. The Love Letter)

We see the figures of maid and mistress through a doorway at the end of a darkened hallway, which is partially covered by a curtain. This gives the impression that we are covertly observing a rather intimate exchange. The maid's sly expression, and the rather furtive upward glance of the mistress suggest that the letter is from a lover (hence the painting's title).
9. A large painting of "The Last Judgement" hanging on the wall behind this woman poses an interesting juxtaposition to the activity she is engaged in.

Answer: Woman Weighing Pearls (a.k.a. Woman Weighing Gold)

The woman is weighing earthly goods while, in the painting behind her, the souls of humans are weighed in the balance, creating an interesting allegory. The partially drawn curtain over the window darkens the room, so that the pearls on the table shine almost like stars.

Although the title "Woman Weighing Pearls" is more commonly used, it has been noted that there are no pearls in the scales which the woman is holding. The scales seem to hold gold coins, such as those seen at the front of the table, hence the alternate (and probably more accurate title) "Woman Weighing Gold".
10. This young working class girl is plainly, but colorfully dressed in a yellow blouse, a cobalt-blue apron, and red skirt. Her hair is completely covered by a plain white headpiece. The wall behind her is bare except for two baskets- one of willow and one of bright polished copper. She stands over a somewhat cluttered table.

Answer: The Milkmaid (a.k.a. The Cook)

In the Netherlands, dairy products were (and are) an important staple of the diet, so the dairy maid held an important place in any Dutch household. Here, she pours milk (or cream) from her jug into a tureen on the table. The humble elements in this painting- the bread on the table, the nearly bare wall behind the maid, pockmarked with nail holes, and the simple cloths covering the table- are unique among Vermeer's paintings. Also unusual are the coarse textures; the young woman's clothing is clearly of rather rough material, with the stitches very much in evidence, and even her skin is far from smooth.

Despite the humble subject matter, this painting was justly famous, even in Vermeer's time, and sold for quite a high price at the sale of Vermeer's estate in 1696 (after his death).
11. There are three paintings of women engaged in this activity; in two, the subject is standing, in one she is seated. In this one, the girl stands with her back to us; we see her face only in a mirror above her head.

Answer: The Music Lesson (a.k.a. Girl Standing at a Virginal)

The girl stands at the virginal; we see her face in the mirror above. A large cello (or bass violin) lies on the floor behind her. Another painting entitled "Woman Standing at a Virginal" shows a woman in a blue dress who faces the viewer. In yet another painting, a girl sits at the virginal. Mastering the keyboard was an approved pastime for young maidens in Vermeer's time which, in fact, is why these instruments were called "virginals".

In this painting, the lid of the virginal is, typically, raised.

A Latin inscription can clearly be read on the inside of the cover: "Musica Laetitiae Comes Medicina Dolorum" ("Music is the companion for joy and a medicine for sorrow"). It is not clear whether the young man to the right of the painting is the music master, or (which is more likely) a young suitor.
12. We see only the shadowy back and a bit of the rear profile of the companion to whom this young woman is listening, obviously with great enjoyment and pleasure.

Answer: Soldier With Laughing Girl

The look of entertainment and infatuation on the face of the girl as she listens to the dashing soldier is the focus of this painting. The light which falls on her face, and her white cap emphasize her innocence, while the shadowy soldier appears rather sinister by comparison.
13. This elegantly dressed woman sits in front of a landscape painting in an ornately carved and gilded frame. She wears a gold-colored dress trimmed in ermine and, judging by the smile on her face, clearly enjoys the activity she is engaged in.

Answer: The Guitar Player

This painting is a study in shades of gold and yellow. The young woman wears the yellow, ermine trimmed farthingale which features in a number of other paintings ("The Love Letter", "Woman With a Pearl Necklace", "Lady Writing a Letter", "Lady With a Maidservant", and "Woman Plying a Lute Near a Window", which is similar in some respects to "The Guitar Player" and uses possibly the same model), the gold of the picturse frame, the deep honey-yellow of the wood forming the body of the instrument, and the elegant, gilded circular inset under the strings.

These colors give brightness to the rather dim room in which the young woman is sitting. She smiles, and glances to the left of the painting, suggesting that she is playing for a companion or visitor outside of the range of the portrait.
14. Brilliantly dressed in coral and gold, this young woman looks directly at the viewer with an expression that seems to mock the two men seen with her, one fawning over her and one sulking at the table.

Answer: Young Woman With a Wineglass

There is another painting entitled "A Glass of Wine" (1658-60), considerably different in tone, which uses this same room setting and similar elements. In that painting, the young woman has drained a glass of wine, which almost covers her face (her eyes are hidden behind her head covering). At her side is a young man, who stands ready to refill her empty glass. The suggestion is that the young woman has fallen completely under the influence of wine (and, by inference, to the young man who is plying her with drink), a suggestion reinforced by the allegorical figure of Temperance on the staained glass winow to the left.

The tone of "Young Woman with a Wineglass" is much lighter, although the warning elements are still present. Here, the girl holds a partially filled glass, her hand being supported by the rather seedy gentleman at her side (it is not clear whether she is handing him the glass, after having tasted it, or whether he is trying to coax the glass to her lips). She smiles at the viewer; clearly she is enjoying herself, but she seems also to be wondering which course of action to take. The warning figure of Temperance in the window is apparent; more so in this painting, where the image is clearer (it appears, significantly, rather soiled in "A Glass of Wine"), inicating that, perhaps, this young woman will make a wiser choice.
15. This is probably Vermeer's most recognizeable painting and has recently been the subject of a best selling book. The young woman wears a yellow and blue turban-like headdress and a yellow dress. She looks almost directly at the viewer. Unusually for a Vermeer painting, the background is completely dark and void of detail, focusing attention solely on the girl's face.

Answer: Girl With a Pearl Earring

The use of a turban as the young woman's headpiece in this painting is typical of the period, during which much of Europe was at war with Turkey (paradoxically, but not surprisingly, this led to a fascination with Turkish dress and customs). This painting, along with the similar, but less well-known "Head of a Girl", painted the following year (1666), are unique among Vermeer's ouevre in that there are no distractions between the subject and the viewer in the way of background or accoutrements. One's attention is drawn exclusively to the girl's face, and to the large pearl which is her only adornement.

Her enigmatic expression (her lips are slightly parted, and she seems about to speak) recalls such classic female images as da Vinci's "Mona Lisa", Michelangelo's "Delphic Sybil", and Botticelli's "Venus".
Source: Author jouen58

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