Diseases of Specific Systems Trivia

1. What are two of the early signs of gum disease?

From Quiz Give Me Back My Teeth!

Answer: Red gums and swollen gums

In the early stages of gum disease the signs may be slight. Every time you brush your teeth, you should check the state of the gums. Note any changes and report them to your dentist at your next check-up. Another early sign of gum disease is halitosis, or bad breath.

From Quiz Ray of Light

Answer: Cataract

Cataract causes the lens material to thicken over time. The main symptoms are reduction in visual acuity, noticeable glare and diplopia. Treatment is usually surgeries like intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE), extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and phacoemulsification. There are many types of cataracts including congenital cataract and senile cataract.

From Quiz Hernia

Answer: Any organ protruding through its wall

A hernia is a universal term referring to anywhere in the body where the organ pushes through its containing wall. This can be on the surface, where whatever is underneath (usually the intestines) can be seen poking through, or internal, where they will be found from known symptoms or discovery via an investigation such as an endoscopy. The causes and treatments are covered throughout the remainder of the quiz.

From Quiz Ingrown Toenails

Answer: Personal home regime

Although an established ingrowing nail can be too far gone for home treatment, the British National Health Service lays out a simple regime to reverse mild and initial stages. The simplest way is by cutting the nail to keep it clear around the edges, rigorous hygiene to avoid it becoming infected, soaking in warm water to soften the nails regularly, and possibly using material such as dental floss or packed cotton to free the skin from under the nail, and leaving it there to gradually train the nail away from it. If this does not work, then it will need the care of a chiropodist, who may be able to eventually reverse it rather than needing to relieve the damage on a regular basis as the nail grows. If not then the next level of treatment includes a V shape being cut in the front of the nail so it then grows back inwards, or a small slice on the edge being removed surgically in stubborn cases.

From Quiz No Bones About It!

Answer: Brittle Bone Disease

Osteogenesis imperfecta is more commonly known as OS or brittle bone disease. In this disorder, the bones break easily. Simply rolling over in the crib can cause a bone to break. In small children or babies this can look like child abuse. This disorder does have a genetic component, but some sufferers have a spontaneous genetic mutation. Curvature of the spine, semi-transparent teeth, and hearing disorders are common among patients with this disease. This disease varies in intensity, with the worst cases being fatal in early childhood. There is no cure for OS and treatment focuses on increasing bone strength and preventing future fractures.

From Quiz Urinary Incontinence

Answer: Muscle weakness

The majority of people with urinary incontinence are women, primarily as childbirth weakens the pelvic floor muscles. Old age in turn, including the menopause, brings in both weakness and other age related problems which can affect the time you can wait once you feel the urge to go. Alcoholism and an enlarged prostate can both cause it as well, but childbirth related muscle weakness remains the most common cause.

From Quiz Toupée or Not Toupée, That is the Question

Answer: Androgenic alopecia

Androgenic alopecia, also known as androgenetic alopecia, is one form of alopecia. Aaron certainly doesn't want rigor mortis as it's the stiffening that accompanies death. Lyssavirus is the family of viruses which includes rabies. Acute viral rhinopharyngitis is the common cold.

From Quiz Epiretinal Membrane (ERM)

Answer: Eyes

There was a clue available to you within the name of the disease. Retinal means 'relating to the retina' and the retina is a part of the eye.

From Quiz Interstitial Cystitis

Answer: Bladder

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder wall.

From Quiz Give Me Back My Teeth!

Answer: Gingivitis

Gingivitis is the warning stage. If you take better care of your dental hygiene, it can be reversed.

From Quiz Ingrown Toenails

Answer: Paronychia

True ingrown toenails are just that. The nail curls inwards at an angle which penetrates the skin, while a paronychia is an infection of the nail bed which causes swelling and can cover part of the nail, but needs antibiotic treatment and possibly minor surgery to lance it. A second similar condition occurs where the nail is a normal shape but the skin grows too far above it, needing quite different treatment. A direct injury will not simulate an ingrown toenail but can actually cause one if it happens in the required spot.

From Quiz Epiretinal Membrane (ERM)

Answer: Acuity vision

The macula is found near the centre of your retina. It is oval in shape and yellow in colour. Its job is to provide you with your 'straight ahead' vision. This essentially is the fine detail of your sight, the feature that helps with the reading of small print and recognising shapes and faces.

From Quiz Give Me Back My Teeth!

Answer: A build up of plaque on the teeth

Plaque is a mixture of saliva, tiny bits of food and bacteria. When left to combine in the mouth they form a sticky film that will coat the teeth. Plaque can find any gap so can settle right on the gum line and start the process of gum disease. The best way to prevent the build up of plaque is brushing and flossing the teeth properly at least twice a day.

From Quiz Ray of Light

Answer: Diabetic retinopathy

One of the major complications of diabetes is a disease of the eye called diabetic retinopathy. It is due to microvascular changes in the blood vessels of the eye, specifically of the retina. Symptoms include seeing spots and blurred vision. Vigilant monitoring of blood sugar in diabetics is said to a way to prevent it. Vitrectomy can be carried out and photocoagulation is also a method of management.

From Quiz Hernia

Answer: Strangulation

Strangulation is a form of blockage, but a very specific one, caused by a twisting of the gut or other affected organ which cuts off the blood supply, much like the similar problem with a placenta. Gangrene is the result of an untreated strangulation (which normally cause severe pain so patients would receive emergency surgery if medical assistance is available) as once the blood has been cut off for too long, necrosis will set in and begin killing off the tissue causing gangrene. Many hernias can easily be diagnosed as serious so would normally have surgery long before they reach this stage, but sometimes they can remain undetected or the patient has not reported them, in which case it is more likely to happen.

From Quiz Ingrown Toenails

Answer: Genetics

As a natural design, toenails have a basic shape at birth. The tendency to curl under is inbuilt, much like the similar but much rarer ingrown eyelashes. But without a shoe which isn't the right shape to guide it further, a potentially deformed nail will not normally become ingrown. Improper cutting for long enough will also deform the toenail which may lead to ingrowing if it leaves enough nail to grow into the skin.

From Quiz I'm Not Vertically Challenged! I'm Short!

Answer: Pygmies of tropical Africa

Groups of very small humans whose average male height is less than 150cm are called pygmies. The most well known pygmies are those of central Africa but many groups can be found in Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines, Pygmies can be also found in Papua New Guinea, Brazil, Bolivia and Asia. Many explanations have been given for the short stature of these people including low ultraviolet light levels in the rainforests, lack of food and low calcium levels in the soil. Many of these people are hunter-gatherers who have to move around the rainforests quickly, therefore small stature could be a genetic necessity for them and their descendants. If the light levels are low then Vitamin D, which is necessary for bone growth and maintenance, cannot be absorbed into the skin. The latest research suggests that during adolescence, Insulin-like Growth Factor is only present in smaller amounts compared to adolescents who grow more than five feet.

From Quiz Interstitial Cystitis

Answer: Urinary Tract Infection

IC can have some similar symptoms of the incorrect answers but is most similar to a UTI. The biggest difference between them is that a UTI is caused by bacteria and treated with antibiotics. Since IC is not bacterial, antibiotics don't help IC patients. The common symptoms are frequency of urination, urgency to urinate (accompanied by pain, pressure and/or spasms) Pain in the bladder, pelvic region, and/or urethral. IC patients have a wide variety of symptoms. Some have all the mentioned symptoms (plus other symptoms) while some have only a few.

From Quiz Ray of Light

Answer: Chlamydia trachomatis

Trachoma is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. It is an infectious disease whose line of transmission is primarily and most commonly from infected mother to child. Other routes of transmission are direct contact with contaminated bodily secretions (mainly from eyes and throat) and also with contaminated objects like clothes and towels. Main symptoms are eye discharge, swollen lymph nodes and corneal ulcers. Antibiotics are usually administered to treat trachoma.

From Quiz Hernia

Answer: Mesh patching

Deep suturing was the standard form of operation until the 1990s or so, and as well as being an invasive surgery with the associated long recovery period, the stitching did not always last and the weakness caused could allow the hernia to recur. The patch is a form of inert plastic mesh, which becomes part of the muscle wall and as such provides a framework to strengthen it, as well as only needing a relatively minor surgery. It can often be done using laparoscopy/keyhole surgery, with the patient able to return to normal life within a few days. Resection is for repairing the gut itself while there is no known laser treatment for hernias. An ostomy is an intestinal bypass of the rectum and anus at various points above such as the ileum or colon, requiring an external pouch, and either a temporary method after resection to allow healing or a permanent alternative where there is no longer enough healthy bowel at the lower end.

From Quiz Ingrown Toenails

Answer: Removal by surgery

Surgery is the final weapon in the arsenal to deal with a stubborn nail, often one previously requiring monthly chiropody for some time without improvement, before deciding to give up and have the part of all of the nail removed. Being made of keratin, they do regenerate, and using the methods mentioned elsewhere should be able to prevent ingrowing in future. Modern surgery is now often carried out by phenolisation, using phenol to destroy the offending tissue rather than a scalpel, and draining any infection before stitching back.

From Quiz No Bones About It!

Answer: Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a bone disease commonly found in elderly women. It affects bone density, making the bones porous and more likely to break. Osteoporosis usually has no symptoms until a bone is broken and X-rays are taken. Fractures of the pelvis and vertebral column can lead to a life in a wheelchair. While anyone can develop osteoporosis, it is much more common in the elderly and in females. Sometimes chemotherapy, menopause, and alcoholism can all cause osteoporosis to occur and/or worsen. Woman with small frames and a family history of osteoporosis are at the biggest risk. Medication, mineral supplements, resistance training and aerobics are all used as treatments for this condition.

From Quiz Toupée or Not Toupée, That is the Question

Answer: Compulsion to pull your own hair out

Trichotillomania is a compulsive desire to pluck hairs whether from the scalp, eyebrows and lashes or from other parts of the body. It often starts when the sufferer is relatively young and accompanies times of stress or depression.

From Quiz I'm Not Vertically Challenged! I'm Short!

Answer: Abnormal proportions

Dwarfism is a condition where a person is below the ordinary size of the population in general. The body is not in proportion compared to that of taller people. There are many causes of dwarfism and most are involved with genetics. Single gene variations affect the structure or metabolism of bone, cartilage or connective tissue. In dwarfs, bones are the primary affected body part and health is usually good and normal.

From Quiz Interstitial Cystitis

Answer: Cystoscopy

A cystoscopy under general or regional anesthesia is to needed to check for glomerulations (pinpoint hemorrages) Before a cystoscopy there are other tests performed. Such as urine culture and potassium sensitivity test. It is not uncommon to suffer for years before receiving a diagnosis.

From Quiz Give Me Back My Teeth!

Answer: Hardened plaque

Tartar, also known as calculus, is the solidified plaque that builds up on the teeth and has to be chipped away. Often it makes the teeth feel smoother as plaque seeps into tiny gaps and rough surfaces.

From Quiz Urinary Incontinence

Answer: Running

Only exercises targeted at the pelvic area will improve muscle tone there, so running, cycling and using the gym won't make any difference to help. Pelvic floor exercises for muscle weakness, called Kegels, have to be done in the exact way they are taught or they will not work. Electrical stimulation is used in stubborn cases to contract the muscles, and vaginal cones are held in the vagina to increase muscle tone.

From Quiz I'm Not Vertically Challenged! I'm Short!

Answer: Russell-Silver Syndrome

Russell-Silver syndrome is one of five types of primordial dwarfism which can be treated. The syndrome was named after Henry Silver and Alexander Russell. This type of dwarfism is characterized by one part of the body growing faster than the other side and problems with feeding when very young. Even though there isn't a lack of growth hormone in these people, injections given daily from age two can be extremely useful. Physiotherapy for the differences in limb length and scoliosis can be given and in severe cases surgery is done to lengthen limbs.

From Quiz Give Me Back My Teeth!

Answer: By a dentist or dental hygenist

You can still have tartar after having all of your teeth removed. Plaque builds up on false teeth, implants and plates, the same way as on natural teeth, and turns into tartar.

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Last Updated Nov 16 2024 5:46 AM

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