20. The remains of Great Zimbabwe were first encountered in the 16th century by traders from what European nation, which colonized a large part of Southern Africa?
From Quiz The Grandeur of Great Zimbabwe
Answer:
Portugal
In the early 16th century, Portugal already had established a substantial presence in Southern Africa, especially on the east coast (what is now Mozambique). Traders and prospectors travelling to the interior in search of gold came across Great Zimbabwe's majestic remains, and left written records of their experience. The very first visit to the site by a European may have occurred in 1513-15, when explorer (and former convict) António Fernandes wrote about some of the settlements he found during his travels through the region, mentioning buildings with similar features to those of Great Zimbabwe. The first to leave a detailed description of the site, however, was Vicente Pegado, the captain of the Portuguese garrison stationed at the port of Sofala, on the coast of the Indian Ocean; in 1531, Pegado recorded the city's name as "Symbao", which he translated as "royal court". At that time, Great Zimbabwe had already been abandoned.
The site was forgotten until 1867, when it was rediscovered by Adam Render, a German-American hunter and trader, who shared his find with German explorer Karl Mauch. The latter, who had been searching for the legendary Biblical city of Ophir, visited the ruins in 1871.