MedSchool Fractures Trivia Quiz

Answer: Stomach

The stomach is a bag-like organ found in the abdomen. It is part of the digestive system of the human body. The upper end is continuous with the esophagus and the lower end joins the duodenum. The pylorus is the part of the stomach that is continuous with the duodenum.

Initial stages of digestion occur in the stomach. A gastric ulcer can be caused by increased acid secretion and is commonly linked to a bacteria called Helicobacter pylori.

Answer: Thyroid

The thyroid is an endocrine gland that secretes the hormone called thyroxine. The thyroid is located in the neck. The hormone is related to iodine consumption. Low consumption of iodine in the diet can lead to a reduction in the level of thyroid hormone. Thyrotoxicosis is also known as hyperthyroidism which indicates a high level of thyroxine circulating in the body. Symptoms of thyrotoxicosis can range from just an enlargement of the gland to hypersensitivity of the nervous system and to weight loss.

Answer: Uterus

The uterus is commonly known as the womb. This is the organ that houses the placenta and the foetus during pregnancy. Parts of the uterus include the fundus and the cervix. The fallopian tubes are attached to the upper part of the uterus. The uterus can be affected by diseases such as fibroids and endometriosis.

The endometrium is the inner-most layer of the uterus. A lot of changes occur in the uterus during menstruation and pregnancy.

Answer: Gall bladder

The gall bladder is situated next to the liver and is part of the biliary system that also includes the liver and bile ducts. The gall bladder is a bag-like organ that stores liver secretions. Obstruction of the duct from the gall bladder can lead to a type of jaundice. Stones can form in this pouch-like organ. Inflammation of this organ is called cholecystitis.

Answer: Cranium

The cranium is the skeletal vault that houses the brain with all its parts, namely the cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem. It also covers the meninges which are the layers that cover the brain. It is made of bones such as the frontal, occipital, parietal and temporal bones.

These bones are attached to each other by suture joints. Fractures to the cranium are serious injuries. The brain continues as the spinal cord through the foramen magnum.

Answer: Insulin

Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas. The beta cells of the islet of Langerhans in the pancreas produce this hormone. This hormone is responsible for and regulates the metabolism of sugar in the body. The inability of the cells to produce insulin is the cause of Type I diabetes mellitus.

In Type II diabetes mellitus, insulin sensitivity is reduced. Bio-engineered insulins are now used as a treatment for diabetes.

Answer: osteomyelitis

Osteomyelitis is a bone disease that is commonly due to an infectious cause. Osteomyelitis can be suppurative or non-suppurative. Organisms like Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus are linked to this infection. Long bones like the humerus and the femur are most commonly affected. Fever, pain, nausea and limited movements are common symptoms of this condition. Complications of this disease include sinus formation and pathological fractures. Antibiotics are usually the mode of treatment of this disease.

Answer: Pneumonia

Pneumonia is inflammation in the lungs and is usually due to organisms like Hemophilus influenza, Pneumococci and respiratory syncytial virus. Antibiotics are usually the treatment for this disease along with rest. Dyspnoea is the term used for noticeable breathlessness.

The two lungs of the human body are located in the thorax and both lie within the rib cage. The lungs have different lobes. Air passes from the nose to the trachea and to the alveoli through the bronchi and bronchioles. The alveoli are air sacs in the lungs where gaseous exchange takes place. Emphysema is the term used when the alveoli walls collapse.

Answer: Aqueous humor

The eye has a retina, cornea, lens, sclera, aqueous humor, iris and vitreous humor as parts of its anatomy. Glaucoma is a disease in the eye that is usually due to defective drainage of the aqueous humor in the anterior chamber of the eye. This causes an increase in intraocular pressure and damage to the optic nerve. Surgeries can be done for glaucoma, but drugs like beta blockers and prostaglandins can be used for its treatment.

Answer: Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy means using specific drug regimes against diseases for a specific duration. It is widely used in the treatment and care of cancer. Chemotherapy used for cancer include drugs like methotrexate and tamoxifen. Diseases like tuberculosis also require chemotherapy with drugs like isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide.