Daughter of the King (or Queen) Quiz

Answer: Queen Victoria

Victoria was the eldest child of Britain's Queen Victoria and was born in 1840. As the eldest daughter of the British monarch she also held the title of Princess Royal. She married Prince Frederick of Prussia in 1858 and 30 years later became Queen of Prussia and German Empress on the death of her father-in-law. Victoria and Frederick were known for their support of liberal policies and were political opponents of the German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck.

However, Frederick and Victoria's political influence was limited by the fact that Frederick's father, Emperor Wilhelm I, lived until he was over 90 years of age and in later years by Frederick's declining health.

In the end Victoria was an empress for less than 100 days as her husband, who was suffering from cancer, died shortly after his father. Victoria also died of cancer in 1901, just a few months after the death of her famous parent. Frederick and Victoria's eldest son - who did not share his parents' political views - became Emperor (or Kaiser) Wilhelm II and is remembered as the ruler who led Germany to defeat in the First World War.

Answer: King Edward VII

Princess Maud, the youngest of the three daughters of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra, was born in London in 1869. She married Prince Carl of Denmark (who was also her first cousin) in 1894 and went to live with him in Denmark. Her husband was the second son of King Frederick VIII of Denmark, so it is unlikely that Maud would have anticipated becoming a queen when she agreed to the marriage.

However, in 1905 the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, that had existed since 1814, was dissolved and the Norwegian government set about looking for a king for the newly independent country.

They picked Prince Carl, who changed his name to become King Haakon VII of Norway. The couple also changed the name of their only child from Alexander to the more Norwegian-sounding Olav.

Despite spending much of her adult life in Denmark and Norway, Queen Maud visited her homeland regularly and died while on a visit to London in 1938, aged 68.

Answer: King Henry II

Joan was the youngest daughter of King Henry II of England and his wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine. Like many princesses during the medieval period, she was betrothed to a European king at a very young age and was married to her chosen husband, King William II of Sicily, in 1177 when she was just 11 years old. Queen Joan was particularly close to her elder brother, King Richard I, and he made the effort to come to her rescue when she was imprisoned and disinherited by her husband's successor after she was widowed in 1189.

She remarried to Raymond VI, Count of Toulouse in 1196 and in the process swapped the title of Queen of Sicily for that of Countess of Toulouse. Although her first marriage had been childless, Joan and Raymond had two children together before she died in childbirth at the age of 33 and was buried at Fontevraud Abbey (which was also the burial place of both her parents and her brother Richard).

Joan's elder sister Eleanor also became the queen of a European nation when she married King Alfonso VIII of Castile in 1174.

Answer: King George II

Princess Louise (also known as Princess Louisa) was the youngest child of King George II and Queen Caroline and was born in 1724. King George II had eight children - the eldest four were born in Germany before their grandfather inherited the British throne, while the youngest four were born in London during the reign of King George I.

In 1743, Louise was married to Prince Frederick of Denmark and Norway in response to the British government's desire to create an alliance with Denmark and the Danish king's desire to gain British support for his claim to the throne of Sweden. Louise and Frederick had five children together, but their marriage was typical of an arranged royal union and he had a string of illegitimate children with his mistress who were born over the same period as his legitimate offspring.

After the death of her father-in-law, Louise became Denmark and Norway's queen consort but held the position for only five years before she died from the complications of a miscarriage in 1751, aged 27.

Answer: King George I

Sophia Dorothea, the only legitimate daughter of King George I, was already married to King Frederick William I of Prussia when her father inherited the British throne and as a result she never lived in England. Prior to her marriage her father was the Elector of Hanover, one of the hereditary princes who ruled parts of modern-day Germany that then fell within the Holy Roman Empire.

Her marriage was an arranged one, with her husband having picked her from a selection of European princesses. While the couple had wildly different interests - he had a military background while she was interested in culture and the arts - but in the end they were married for 34 years and had a total of 14 children together (although four died in infancy or early childhood).

He became King of Prussia in 1713, so Sophia Dorothea was Queen Consort of Prussia for 27 years and the Dowager Queen of Prussia for a further 17 years during the reign of their eldest surviving son, who was known as King Frederick the Great.

Answer: King Henry I

The only legitimate daughter of England's King Henry I is generally known in the history books as the Empress Matilda. This is a result of her first marriage to Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor that lasted from 1114 to 1125, a period during which she also held the titles of Queen of Germany and Queen of Italy. Matilda is believed to have been born around 1102 and was therefore still a child at the time of her wedding to her 28-year-old groom. As Henry and Matilda had no children together, when he died in 1125 she was forced to return to her father's lands in Normandy and accept his choice of a second husband in Geoffrey, the future Count of Anjou. The tables were turned for this second marriage as by the time it took place in 1828, Matilda was around 26 while Geoffrey was just 15.

Matilda is most famous for her role in the lengthy English civil war known as 'The Anarchy', in which she fought her cousin Stephen for the English throne. Before his death her father had declared Matilda as his successor, but Stephen usurped her position and claimed the throne for himself. In the end, after nearly 20 years of war, Matilda and her son Henry secured a partial victory when he was named as Stephen's successor and took the throne as King Henry II in 1154. Matilda then provided advice to her son in the early years of his reign before her death in 1167.

Answer: King George III

Unlike many kings and queens, King George III and his wife Queen Charlotte weren't particularly bothered about marrying off their daughters for political gain - or even marrying them off at all! Queen Charlotte in particular was loath to part with her six daughters; only three of them ever married, and only one of them, who became Queen Charlotte of Württemberg, married before the age of 40.

Princess Charlotte, who also held the title of Princess Royal, married the future King Frederick I of Württemberg in 1797 when she was 30 years old. Initially he was the Duke of Württemberg, but he was elevated to the position of Elector of Württemberg in 1803 and was then recognised as King of Württemberg by Napoleon on January 1st, 1806 when he entered Württemberg into an alliance with France. Charlotte was his queen consort until his death in 1816 and then lived out the rest of her life in her palace at Stuttgart.

Answer: King John

Isabella of England, who went on to become Holy Roman Empress and Queen of the Germans in the mid-13th century, was the daughter of King John and his second wife, Isabella of Angouleme. She was born in Gloucester in 1214 and married to Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor in 1235, supposedly on the suggestion of Pope Gregory IX. As her father had died when she was about two years old, it was down to her eldest brother, King Henry III, to agree to the match and pay her dowry.

Isabella was Frederick's third wife and around 20 years younger than her husband. Historical records suggest that she had little to no influence over him and that she spent the duration of their six-year marriage at a castle near Padua where he would occasionally visit her. In total they had four or five children together before she died giving birth to the youngest of them in 1241.

Answer: King Henry VII

The name Mary Tudor is probably most commonly associated with Queen Mary I of England, but there was another Mary Tudor who became a queen - as the wife of King Louis XII of France. At the time of the wedding in October 1514 this Mary Tudor was the youngest surviving daughter of the late King Henry VII and a younger sister of the infamous King Henry VIII. She was 18 when she married the 52-year-old French monarch and just three months older when she became a widow in January 1515. Clearly, she had no affection for her first husband as she secretly married Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk just two months later.

Charles and Mary's marriage was a particularly risky move as technically he committed treason by marrying an English princess without the king's permission. Luckily, their infringement took place several years before Henry began regularly ordering the execution of his wives, family members and close friends and they escaped with a large fine and lived happily on his country estate until her death in 1533. The couple were the grandparents of Lady Jane Grey, who had a disputed nine-day reign as Queen of England in 1553.

Answer: King Henry IV

Philippa was the youngest child of King Henry IV and his first wife Mary de Bohun. She was born in 1394, five years before Henry seized the English throne from his cousin, King Richard II, and was just 12 years old when she was married to Eric of Pomerania. He was the adopted heir to the thrones of the three Scandinavian countries of Norway, Sweden and Denmark, which at that time were collectively known as the Kalmar Union. This union meant that while each country was an independent sovereign nation, they were all ruled by the same sovereign. Pomerania was a duchy located on the south coast of the Baltic Sea that covered part of modern-day northern Germany and Poland.

King Eric and Queen Philippa initially settled in Sweden but moved to Denmark after the death of his adopted mother. They appear to have had a close relationship; Eric named Philippa as his regent when he was away at war and often left her in charge of governing Sweden during the 1420s. However, they had no children and she died in 1430 at the age of 36.