9. Until the early twentieth century, ocean-going steamships used to sail up the coast of Arizona from the Sea of Cortez. Which river used to be navigable through Mexico until dams were built along it?
From Quiz Arizona: In General, 1912-2012
Answer:
Colorado
When the Spanish first explored the river, they did so by sailing up the delta from the Sea of Cortez, and until the river was dammed, the Colorado was navigable across Mexico. Here's an excerpt from an 1877 book "Arizona as it is: The Coming Country" that describes travel along the Colorado: "One of the two ocean steamers leaves San Francisco every twenty days, running to the head of the Gulf of California, a distance from San Francisco of nineteen hundred miles. At the head of the gulf the passengers and freight are transshipped to four river steamers, and taken thence up the Colorado River to Yuma, one hundred and seventy-five miles, and thence portions are taken up the river to their several destinations. The river steamers make regular trips to Hardyville, three hundred and thirty-seven miles above Yuma, and five hundred and thirteen miles above the mouth of the river."
The main river in the southwest United States, the Colorado River rises in Rocky Mountain National Park in northern Colorado. It is 1,450 miles (2,333 km) long, making it the 7th longest river in the U.S. It used to flow down through Mexico and into the Sea of Cortez/Gulf of California (same place - different names), but dams along the river have diverted nearly all of the water, with the delta of the Colorado becoming essentially a salt flat. The main dams on the river are Hoover Dam which opened in 1936 and Glen Canyon Dam which opened in 1966.