28. "of the United Kingdom" - The modern United Kingdom, with four constituent countries, was founded in 1801 through the union of three historic kingdoms in the British Isles. Which of the four constituents was never a kingdom in its own right?
From Quiz The Queen's Title
Answer:
Wales
Although in its history Wales had been independent, although it had rarely been a single nation. Instead, it had usually been formed of a number of smaller states, ruled over by an Overlord who was usually the most powerful of the Welsh rulers at the time. This ruler usually adopted the title "Tywysog Cymru", which translates as "Prince of Wales". Until the late 13th century, this title was recognised by the English king, on the proviso that Wales itself submitted to the overlordship of England. In 1274 however, tensions arose between King Edward I of England and Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, the Prince of Wales, which led to England invading Wales. Over the course of two campaigns, in 1277 and then 1282-83, England overran Wales, as well as the other small principalities within its borders, and incorporated the territory as part of England.
The title "Prince of Wales" was then adopted Edward I and given to his eldest son, with the tradition retained that the eldest son of the reigning monarch is styled as Prince of Wales. Wales itself was fully incorporated into England, with the extension of English laws to Wales, by the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542, which effectively made England and Wales into a single state.