16. Though most place names are transliterations from English or from the native languages of those localities, some are not. An example is the term 'Zhong-guo', which refers to China itself. What does this name literally mean in English translation?
From Quiz Chinese Place Names
Answer:
Middle country
The word 'zhong' means 'middle, center' and the word 'guo' means 'land, country'. Taken together, the term means 'middle country', something of an ethnocentric name really. However, one must put this into perspective. In naming China the 'middle country' the Chinese were making reference to the 'four directions', each of which contained a 'paradise'. China itself just happened to be in the middle of these distant lands! In ancient times people did not have the benefits of accurate mapmaking and/or globes...