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Quiz about The War at Sea Tipping PointDec 41 to Dec 43
Quiz about The War at Sea Tipping PointDec 41 to Dec 43

The War at Sea -Tipping Point-Dec '41 to Dec '43 Quiz


A quiz about the RN at War when it faced it's biggest challenges in the Atlantic and Med from Dec 1941 through to Dec 1943. The war was at a tipping point and the war at sea was critical to overall allied victory.

A multiple-choice quiz by JJMcGiver. Estimated time: 6 mins.
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Author
JJMcGiver
Time
6 mins
Type
Multiple Choice
Quiz #
396,454
Updated
Dec 03 21
# Qns
10
Difficulty
Tough
Avg Score
6 / 10
Plays
173
Last 3 plays: Guest 1 (4/10), Guest 120 (8/10), Guest 174 (4/10).
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Question 1 of 10
1. When Hitler and Mussolini declared war on the USA on 11th December 1941, it heralded the beginning of unlimited submarine warfare by the German U-Boats. This period became known as the "Second Happy Time" for the U-Boat force.

How many U-boats did the German's lose between January '42 to August '42?
Hint


Question 2 of 10
2. In February 1942, Hitler ordered Operation Cerberus, the movement of the German battlecruisers squadron from Brest to Wilhelmshaven and Bremerhaven with considerable support provided by the Luftwaffe.

Which was NOT one of the German warships that took part in the 'Channel Dash'
Hint


Question 3 of 10
3. On 27th/28th March 1942, the British attacked the Normandie Dry Dock located at the port of St Nazaire. Known as Operation Chariot, what was the name of the warship that was used to ram and destroy the gates of the Normandie Dock? Hint


Question 4 of 10
4. Why was the decoding work performed at Bletchley Park was made more difficult in February 1942? Hint


Question 5 of 10
5. In late June 1941, the Allied Convoy PQ17 was bound from Iceland to Murmansk in the USSR. This convoy was supposedly well protected by the First Escort Group comprising of 6 destroyers and 11 smaller corvettes as well as the First Cruiser Squadron.

Of the original 35 Merchant ships in the convoy how many made it to Murmansk?
Hint


Question 6 of 10
6. Operation Pedestal was the codeword for the Strategic convoy to relief Malta in July/August 1942. Such was the importance of getting Convoy WS21S to Malta that it was escorted by no less than 2 Battleships, 7 Cruisers, 4 Aircraft Carriers and 42 Destroyers plus additional support ship.

Of the 14 ships that made up Convoy WS21S, how many made finally it into Valletta's Grand Harbour?
Hint


Question 7 of 10
7. On 30th October 1942, HMS Petard succeeded in hunting and eventually sinking U-559 in the Mediterranean Sea. However what vital bit of intelligence did the crew recover from the submarine which had such a dramatic impact on the outcome of the Battle of the Atlantic? Hint


Question 8 of 10
8. In late May 1943, the tide was turning against the Wolfpacks of the Kriegsmarine. Convoy ONS 5 is seen as a turning point in the Battle for the Atlantic where Allied tactics and weaponry started to make a decisive impact on the Wolfpacks. ONS 5 had 42 merchantmen escorted by 7 Royal Navy destroyers and corvettes.

How many U-boats were sunk and damaged during this week long battle to Canada?
Hint


Question 9 of 10
9. By mid 1943, the Battle of the Atlantic had turned against the U-Boats, but the threat from the German surface fleet was still strong. The Royal Navy organised Operation 'Source' which was an attack by midget submarines against the last remaining Nazi battleship, the Tirpitz. What was the name given to these mini submarines?

Hint


Question 10 of 10
10. On Boxing Day 1943, the German Battlecruiser, KMS Sharnhorst attempted to intercept the 29 ship Russian bound convoy (JW55B) - the Royal Navy had provided a heavy escort including Force Two, which included a battleship and heavy cruiser supported by 4 destroyers and the 10th Cruiser Squadron including 3 light cruisers and three more destroyers. Which was the famous flagship of the 10th Cruiser squadron?
Hint



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Quiz Answer Key and Fun Facts
1. When Hitler and Mussolini declared war on the USA on 11th December 1941, it heralded the beginning of unlimited submarine warfare by the German U-Boats. This period became known as the "Second Happy Time" for the U-Boat force. How many U-boats did the German's lose between January '42 to August '42?

Answer: 41

During this period, the Kriegsmarine only lost 41 U-Boats to a combination of escorts, airpower and mines - in return they sank a total of 609 allied ships with a total tonnage of 4.1 million. This eight month period accounted for a quarter of all allied shipping sunk during the entire war!
2. In February 1942, Hitler ordered Operation Cerberus, the movement of the German battlecruisers squadron from Brest to Wilhelmshaven and Bremerhaven with considerable support provided by the Luftwaffe. Which was NOT one of the German warships that took part in the 'Channel Dash'

Answer: Tirpitz

The Tirpitz battleship sailed from a Norwegian Fjord as part of the diversionary ruse to assist in the Channel Dash. Despite the best efforts of the RAF which bore the brunt of the casualties, the Scharnhorst, Gneisenau and Prinz Eugen made it back to the North German Ports, but they all suffered some damage during this operation.
3. On 27th/28th March 1942, the British attacked the Normandie Dry Dock located at the port of St Nazaire. Known as Operation Chariot, what was the name of the warship that was used to ram and destroy the gates of the Normandie Dock?

Answer: HMS Cambeltown

The operation became known as the 'Greatest Raid of All' as it achieved its objective of denying the Germans the use of the massive Normandie dry dock. However, the operation was a costly one and of the 611 Commando and Royal Navy personnel who took part, over 60% became casualties with 384 killed or captured.

Many decorations were awarded for courage and bravery as a result of this action including 5 Victoria Crosses.
4. Why was the decoding work performed at Bletchley Park was made more difficult in February 1942?

Answer: 4th Wheel introduce on Kriegsmarine Enigma machines

The Nazis introduced a fourth wheel to the enigma machine, which effectively increased the number of potential settings by a factor of 26. The increase in complexity in decoding German messages meant that they were effectively unable to decode German U-boat messages for nearly 10 months.
5. In late June 1941, the Allied Convoy PQ17 was bound from Iceland to Murmansk in the USSR. This convoy was supposedly well protected by the First Escort Group comprising of 6 destroyers and 11 smaller corvettes as well as the First Cruiser Squadron. Of the original 35 Merchant ships in the convoy how many made it to Murmansk?

Answer: 11

Only 11 Merchant ships made it to port delivering a mere 70,000 tons of materials to assist the Soviet war effort against the Germans. The mere threat of a German 'Heavy' warship attacking the convoy meant that the Cruiser Squadron was withdrawn westwoods to face this threat from Norway leaving the convoy to scatter. The continual daylight in the Arctic circle meant that the scattered convoy was attacked mercilessly by nine U-boats as well as Luftwaffe bombers based in Northern Norway. Between them they sank 24 invaluable merchant ships and their precious cargoes.
6. Operation Pedestal was the codeword for the Strategic convoy to relief Malta in July/August 1942. Such was the importance of getting Convoy WS21S to Malta that it was escorted by no less than 2 Battleships, 7 Cruisers, 4 Aircraft Carriers and 42 Destroyers plus additional support ship. Of the 14 ships that made up Convoy WS21S, how many made finally it into Valletta's Grand Harbour?

Answer: 5

The convoy and its escorts were under constant air attack as well from E-Boats and U-Boats. Only 5 ships made it to Malta, with the tanker - SS Ohio bringing in her precious cargo of fuel and oil on the 15th August 1942. This was the ship that saved Malta as without this fuel no aircraft would be able to operate from the Maltese airbases.

It was not without cost as not only were 9 merchant ships sunk but the Royal Navy lost one of the aircraft carriers (HMS Eagle) as well as three cruisers (HMS Cairo, HMS Nigeria and HMS Manchester) as well as a further Destroyer (HMS Foresight). A number of other ships were damaged.

Operation Pedestal was an expensive, but strategic victory for the Royal Navy.
7. On 30th October 1942, HMS Petard succeeded in hunting and eventually sinking U-559 in the Mediterranean Sea. However what vital bit of intelligence did the crew recover from the submarine which had such a dramatic impact on the outcome of the Battle of the Atlantic?

Answer: short weather report code book

The quick and decisive action of Lieutenant Fasson, able seaman Grazier and NAAFI Canteen assistant Brown managed to recover the short weather report code book from the sinking U-boat. Fasson and Grazier were awarded the George Cross and Brown was awarded the George Medal.

Once in the hands of the people at Bletchley Park, this information enabled them to break the cyphers for several weeks and ultimately gave them enough information to break the Enigma codes from the Kriegsmarine. Without this information, the people at Bletchley had been unable to decypher anything for 10 long months.

Note that not one American was involved in this capture regardless as to what Hollywood would have you believe!
8. In late May 1943, the tide was turning against the Wolfpacks of the Kriegsmarine. Convoy ONS 5 is seen as a turning point in the Battle for the Atlantic where Allied tactics and weaponry started to make a decisive impact on the Wolfpacks. ONS 5 had 42 merchantmen escorted by 7 Royal Navy destroyers and corvettes. How many U-boats were sunk and damaged during this week long battle to Canada?

Answer: 6 sunk and 7 damaged

Convoy ONS 5 was a westbound convoy headed for Canada. The convoy was subjected to attack by over 43 German U-boats in two wolfpack groups which succeeded in sinking 13 Merchantmen totalling 63,000 GRT. However, the escorts sank 6 U-boats and damaged a further 7.

There were a number of factors which contributed to the German losses. These included better coordination between escorts, improved ASDIC, improved radar (including airborne radar) and the bridging of the Atlantic air gap with maritime patrol aircraft such as the Liberator. New weapons including the 'Hedgehog' (a 24 bomb, anti-submarine mortar) proved a very effective alternative to the traditional depth-charges.
9. By mid 1943, the Battle of the Atlantic had turned against the U-Boats, but the threat from the German surface fleet was still strong. The Royal Navy organised Operation 'Source' which was an attack by midget submarines against the last remaining Nazi battleship, the Tirpitz. What was the name given to these mini submarines?

Answer: X Craft

A total of three X-Craft were sent to infiltrate Altafjord in Norway where the Germans had been keeping the Tirpitz. The fjord was heavily protected with torpedo nets so a traditional attack by aircraft was not possible.

Two X-Craft managed to penetrate the defences and drop their charges under the Tirpitz on 22nd September 1943. While the explosions did not succeed in sinking the battleship, they did severe damage - enough to put the warship out of action until RAF Lancasters could finish the job of sinking her in November 1944.
10. On Boxing Day 1943, the German Battlecruiser, KMS Sharnhorst attempted to intercept the 29 ship Russian bound convoy (JW55B) - the Royal Navy had provided a heavy escort including Force Two, which included a battleship and heavy cruiser supported by 4 destroyers and the 10th Cruiser Squadron including 3 light cruisers and three more destroyers. Which was the famous flagship of the 10th Cruiser squadron?

Answer: HMS Belfast

The flagship was HMS Belfast - now a permanent memorial to the Royal Navy located near Tower Bridge in London. The Battle of North Cape is the last battle fought between big-gun capital ships by the Royal Navy.
Source: Author JJMcGiver

This quiz was reviewed by FunTrivia editor bloomsby before going online.
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