20 Questions: Edward I Multiple Choice Quiz | People

Answer: Edward the Black Prince

Edward the Black Prince was Edward I's great grandson. Edward was known as the English Justinian due to his efforts in codifying laws and making law enforcement fairer. He was more commonly known as Longshanks due to his great height, and Hammer of the Scots for his campaigns against his northern neighbour.

Answer: Eleanor of Castile

Eleanor of Castile was the daughter of Ferdinand III of Castile. She was beloved of both Edward and England. Upon her death, a series of Eleanor crosses dotted the countryside, placed at locations her coffin rested on its way to burial in Westminster Abbey. Eleanor of Provence was Edward's mother. Eleanor of Aquitaine was his great-grandmother. Eleanor of Brittany, sister of Arthur of Brittany, never married and was kept in confinement at Corfe castle due to the fact that her claim to the throne was superior (according to primogeniture) to that of John.

Answer: Margaret Capet, daughter of Philip III of France

Margaret Capet was the grand-daughter of Louis IX and was the grand-niece of Edward I, since her grandmother was the sister of Edward I's mother. Margaret, Duchess of Brabant, was their daughter. Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII was not born until 1489 and was the wife of James IV of Scotland. Margaret of Anjou was the wife of Henry VI.

Answer: False

Both Edward I and his father Henry III were faithful husbands. Although some claim that Edward had one illegitimate child, the claim is suspect.

Answer: 20

The exact number of children Edward had by his first wife is not entirely clear - according to some historians 17 but others say 15. What is clear is that only five survived into their teens. Edward and his second wife had three children, two of whom survived early childhood.

The death rate of Edward's children illustrates the drastic infant mortality rate of the time - even among the wealthier classes who could afford the best of care.

Answer: True

Although abandoned by James I, the ceremony was revived by George V in 1932. Originally the ceremony involved the washing of the feet of the indigent, commemorating Christ's washing of his disciples' feet, however the ceremony now does not feature that ritual.

Answer: Conservators of the Peace

The Conservators of the Peace were the forerunners of the present Justices of the Peace.

Answer: On crusade

Edward embarked upon the seventh crusade in 1270 and was successful in relieving Acre and won a victory at Haifa. According to legend, at Haifa he was wounded by a poisoned dagger and his wife saved his life by sucking the poison from the wound. His colleague, Louis IX, died on this crusade.

Answer: He originally supported Simon but supported his father in the following conflict.

Initially Edward supported the position of Simon in producing the Provisions of Westminster in 1259 (when Edward was 20). In this he echoed the position of his uncle Richard of Cornwall. Like his uncle he supported Henry III when conflict broke out in 1264. Edward, Henry III and Richard of Cornwall were captured at the battle but Edward succeeded in escaping in 1265 and led the royalist forces in defeating Simon de Montfort at the battle of Evesham.

Answer: Alfonso

Edward of Caernarvon, later Edward II, was the fourth son of Edward I and his queen Eleanor of Castile; his three older brothers, John, Henry and Alfonso, died in childhood. Alfonso, the heir at the time, died four months after the birth of Edward of Caernavon. Edmund was Edward II's younger half-brother, his mother being Margaret of France, Edward I's second wife.

Answer: He was executed as a traitor.

Although legend has it that Wallace and his followers acted alone, in fact he was only one of a group of leaders of the movement. Legend also has it that he specialized in guerrilla tactics. In fact, he preferred the set battle strategy. Captured in 1305, as an outlaw he was condemned without trial.

Although he had never sworn fealty to Edward I, he was condemned as a traitor. He was crowned with a laurel wreath, dragged through the streets on a hurdle, hanged, disemboweled and castrated then beheaded and his body quartered.

Answer: No

"Braveheart" was a movie whose historical advisor deserves the punishment meted out to Wallace. Wallace was executed in 1305. Edward's son did not marry until 1308 (when Isabel was 16) and Edward III was not born until 1312. Obviously attribution of the paternity of Edward III to Edward I was absurd. Edward I, too, unlike many of his predecessors and successors, was a family man.

Answer: Llywelyn ap Gruffydd

Llywelyn ap Gruffydd married the daughter of Simon de Montfort. Edward, after defeating Simon at Evesham detained his daughter Eleanor as hostage for Llwelyn's good behavior, but the marriage was permitted in 1278. Eleanor died giving birth to a daughter in 1282. Dafydd ap Gruffydd was Llywelyn's brother who shared power with him. Unfortunately his rash acts led to additional punitive actions on the part of Edward, resulting in the death of Llywelyn in 1282.

Although Daffydd proclaimed himself prince, the war ended four months later and Daffydd was executed as a traitor. Owain Goch ap Gruffydd was another brother of Llywelyn, and he ruled Wales jointly with Llywelyn until Owain's death in 1282. Owain Glendower lived much later.

Answer: It allowed Jews to be arrested on grounds of coin clipping.

The 1278 law resulted in the hanging of some 250 Jews. Eleanor of Provence, Edward's mother, was anti-Semitic and may have had an influence in this draconian legislation. Over 16,000 Jews were expelled from the kingdom in 1290 on the grounds of usury - forcing the king and court to look elsewhere for a source of borrowing.

Answer: 13

When Edward called the claimants before him in 1291 in Norham, he laid down conditions which would have seen them acknowledge him as supreme and direct lord of Scotland, with Scotland becoming a fief of England. The thirteen claimants then adjourned the meeting for a month seeking guidance.

When the meeting reconvened, the number of claimants had been reduced to eight although only two had any real claim. The matter was adjudicated by 104 judges - 40 appointed by Balliol, 40 by Bruce and 24 by Edward. Deliberations were protracted and it was not until the next year in Berwick that the decision in favour of Balliol was announced. According to primogeniture, Balliol had the stronger claim, but he was the weaker individual and less likely to stand up against Edward.

Answer: True

The castles that Edward had built represented an extension of the building scheme inherited from his father, Henry III. He built a number of strongholds in strategic places in Wales and the Marcher lands, of which Cardigan, Carmarthen, Aberystwyth, Conwy, Harlech and Carnarvon are representative.

Answer: The most comprehensive Parliament to date was called.

The Parliament of 1295, called the Model Parliament, was the most comprehensive representative assembly called up to that time. It represented the barons, clergy, knights and townspeople. By the end of Edward's reign, Parliaments usually contained similar representation.

Answer: It revealed administrative abuses and defined royal rights.

Edward began his legislative programme by commissioning a thorough study of local government. This study was known as the "Hundred Rolls".

Answer: all of these

The Statutes of Westminster codified existing laws, and dealt with the alienation of property and subcontracting of property or services by tenants. The Statute of Gloucester and Quo Warranto defined and regulated feudal jurisdiction and attempted to create a uniform system of justice for all. The Statute of Winchester dealt with policing so as to maintain order.

Answer: That his bones be boiled and carried in battle against the Scots.

Edward died while undertaking yet another campaign against the Scots. He wanted his bones to be carried in the campaign to inspire his troops. His request was not granted and he was returned to London and buried in Westminster Abbey.