Extraordinary Women of the 20th Century: Part I Quiz

Answer: Elizabeth Arden

Elizabeth Arden (1878-1966) was a Canadian-American businesswoman. She coined the business name for a former partner, Elizabeth Hubbard, and from Lord Tennyson's poem "Enoch Arden" thus becoming Elizabeth Arden.
Coco Chanel (1883-1971) was born Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel. Her signature product is Chanel No. 5.
Estée Lauder (1908-2004) born Josephine Esther Mentzer. As a child she was known by the nickname Estée and she and her husband Joseph Lauder started the company in 1946.
Mary Kay (1918-2001), born Mary Kathlyn Wagner, started Mary Kay Cosmetics in 1963 in Dallas, Texas. She later became Mary Kay Ash when she married her third husband Melville J. Ash in 1966.

Answer: Jane Addams

Jane Addams (1860-1935) was an American and was one of the most prominent reformers of the "Progressive Era" (1890s to 1920s). She was a philosopher, sociologist, author and a leader of the American suffragette movement. She received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.
Emmeline Pankhurst (1858-1928) was a British political activist, leader of the British suffragette movement and campaigned for the right for women to vote.
Margaret Sanger (1879-1966) was an American birth control activist, writer, nurse and sex educator. She opened the first birth control clinic in the USA in Brooklyn in 1916.
Mother Teresa (1910-1997) was a Roman Catholic religious sister and missionary. Although born in what is now Macedonia she became known as "Teresa of Calcutta" after she ´moved to India and she received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979.

Answer: Fanny Blankers-Koen

Fanny Blankers-Koen (1918-2004) was a Dutch athlete who won four gold medals at the 1948 London Olympics (100m, 200m, 80m Hurdles and 4 x 100m Relay). She accomplished this feat as a 30 year old mother of 2 children.
Ágnes Keleti was born Agnes Klein (1921) and was a Hungarian-Israeli artistic gymnast. She won four gold medals in the 1956 Olympics (Melbourne), having won one gold medal in the Olympics in 1952 (Helsinki).
Larisa Latynina (b. 1934) was a Russian gymnast who won four gold medals at the 1956 Melbourne Olympics and three gold in Rome (1960) and two gold in Tokyo (1964) - a grand total of nine Olympic gold medals.
Lidiya Skoblikova (b.1939) is a former Russian speed skater who won four gold medals at the Winter Olympics in Innsbruck (1964) and two gold medals at Squaw Valley (1960).

Answer: Benazir Bhutto

Benazir Bhutto (1953-2007) was the first female Prime Minister of a Muslim country being Pakistan. She was the 11th Prime Minister of Pakistan and held office for two terms 1988-1990 and 1993-1996. She was the second daughter to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, himself a former Prime Minister of Pakistan. Benazir was assassinated in a bombing in 2007 only two weeks before the 2008 general elections. Her party won the election.
Sirimavo Bandaranaika (1916-2000) was the modern world's first female Head of Government. She became Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (known as Ceylon at the time) in 1960. She held office three time (1960-1965, 1970-1977 and 1994-2000. The least 70% of the population of Sri Lanka are Theravada Buddists.
Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) was the first female Prime Minister of India (nearly 80% Hindu). She served as Prime Minister from 1966-1967 and from 1980 until her assassination in 1984 by her Sikh bodyguards.
Khaleda Zia (b. 1945) was the first female Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1991-1996 and 2001-2006) and only the second in the Muslim world behind Benzir Bhutto of Pakistan.

Answer: Katharine Hepburn

Katharine Hepburn (1907-2003) was an American actress who won the awards for her roles in "Morning Glory" (1933), "Guess Who's Coming to Dinner" (1967), "The Lion in Winter" (1968) and "On Golden Pond" (1981). She also received another eight nominations for Best Actress between 1936-1963. She was a leading lady in Hollywood for over 60 years.
Bette Davis (1908-1989) was an American actress of film, television and stage. She was the first person to accrue ten Academy Award nominations and was successful in two for her roles in "Dangerous" (1935) and "Jezebel" (1938).
Ingrid Bergman (1915-1982) was a Swedish actress who appeared in many European and American films. She won three Academy Awards, two for Best Actress "Gaslight" (1944) and "Anastasia" (1956) and one Best Supporting Actress in "Murder on the Orient Express" (1974). She received a total of seven Academy Award nominations.
Audrey Hepburn (1929-1993) was a British actress who received five Academy Award nominations for Best Actress and was successful for her role of Princess Ann (Anya Smith) opposite Gregory Peck in "Roman Holiday" (1954).

Answer: Dorothy Hodgkin

Dorothy Hodgkin (1910-1994) was a British biochemist who developed protein crystallography, for which she won the Nobel Prize in 1964.She is also particularly noted for her work in discovering three-dimensional biomolecular structures.
Selma Lagerlöf (1858-1940) was a Swedish author and was the first women to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1909.
Marie Skodowska-Curie (1867-1934) was a Polish and naturalized French physicist and chemist pioneered the research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize (Physics, 1903) and also the first to receive two Nobel Prizes (Chemistry, 1911). She was also the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris.
Irène Joliot-Curie (1897-1956) was a French scientist and the daughter of Marie Skodowska-Curie who herself won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935 for her discovery of artificial radioactivity.

Answer: Barbara Cartland

Barbara Cartland (1901-2000) was an English author who was born Mary Barbara Hamilton and known for her numerous romantic novels. In 1976 she had 23 novels published (Guinness Book of Records) and she also wrote under the name of Barbara McCorquodale, which was her married name.
Enid Blyton (1897-1968) was a prolific writer of children's books mainly "Noddy", "The Famous Five" and "The Secret Seven."
Grazia Deledda (1871-1936) was the first Italian woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature (1926).
Corin Tellado (1927-2009) was a prolific Spanish writer of romantic novels and she had over 4,000 books published and many were best-sellers in Spanish speaking countries selling over 400 million copies.

Answer: Edith Cavell

Edith Cavell (1865-1915) was a British nurse who helped save the lives of many soldiers on both sides of the conflict in German occupied Belgium, during WWI. As a result of her courageously funneling British and French soldiers out of Belgium into neutral Holland she was arrested and executed by firing squad on October 12, 1915.
Gertrude Bell (1868-1926) was an English writer, political officer, spy, administrator and archaeologist. She worked closely with T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia") and British forces during WWI. She played a major role in establishing the modern state of Iraq.
Irena Sendler (1910-2008) was a Polish nurse and social worker who served with the Polish underground during the German occupation of Warsaw during WWII. She was responsible for smuggling over 2,500 Jewish children out of the Warsaw Ghetto providing them with false identities and safe havens outside the ghetto.
Vivian Bullwinkel (1915-2000) was an Australian Army nurse and the sole survivor of the Bangka Island massacre when the Japanese killed 21 of her fellow nurses on Radji Beach in February 1942. She was badly wounded and by feigning death she survived for 2 weeks before recapture and she spent 3½ years in captivity. It was only after WWII that she was able to speak about the massacre and testify.

Answer: Valentina Tereshkova

Valentina Tereshkova (b.1937) was a Russian textile-factory assembly worker and amateur skydiver before she became an astronaut. She piloted Vostok 6 on June 16, 1963. She later became a prominent member of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union and was a flag bearer at the 2014 Olympics in Sochi. Svetlana Savitskaya (b. 1948) is a former Soviet aviator and astronaut. In 1982 became the second women to fly in space aboard Soyuz T-7 and in 1984 she became the first women to perform a spacewalk.
Sally Ride (1951-2012) was an American physicist and astronaut. She was the first American women in space in June 1983.
Anna Lee Fisher (b. 1949) is an American chemist and astronaut. She was the first mother in space in November 1984 and her first daughter (Kristin Anne) was just 15 months old at the time.

Answer: Louise Bourgeois

Louise Bourgeois (1911-2010) was a French-American artist and sculptor. She was influential in modern and contemporary art and is recognized as the founder of "confessional art". The spider is a steel and marble sculpture. From 1947-2015 her works - drawings, paintings and sculptures - have been displayed throughout the world.
Ann Mary Robinson Moses (1860-1961) better known by her nickname as Grandma Moses. She was a renowned American folk artist who only took to painting seriously when she was 78 years of age. In 2006 her work "Sugaring Off" (1943) sold for US$ 1.2m.
Georgia O'Keefe (1887-1986) was an American artist best known for her enlarged flowers, New York Skyscrapers and the New Mexico landscapes. She has been recognised as the "Mother of American Modernism".
Lois Mailou Jones (1905-1998) was the only African-American female painter of the 1930s and 1940s to achieve success abroad. She painted and influenced others during the Harlem Renaissance Movement.