They Have Not Died in Vain Trivia Quiz

Answer: Martin Luther King, Jr

The Reverend Martin Luther King, Junior, was shot by James Earl Ray. King was the icon of the nonviolent protest movement against racial discrimination.
Martin Luther King was born in Atlanta, Georgia, on January 15th, 1929. He chose a career as a Baptist minister, following in the footsteps of his father. He strove for the rights of Afro-American people, but always in a nonviolent manner. For example, he pleaded with a restaurant owner for a table for himself and his friends, until the restaurant owner called the police and had him arrested.
King gained world fame with his speech "I Have a Dream" in 1963. A year later, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

Answer: New Delhi

Gandhi was born in 1869, near Bombay. He studied law and worked as a barrister in South Africa, defending the rights of migrants coming from India. During his twenty-odd years in South Africa, Gandhi developed a sense of justice for all victims of racial discrimination.
Gandhi returned to India in 1915 and joined the Indian National Congress. This association made gradual demands to the British Empire leading eventually to the demand of full independence. To support the Congress demands, Gandhi chose civil resistance based upon the principle of non-violence.
Although religious differences have always complicated politics in India, Gandhi tried and enhanced mutual understanding between the Hindu and Muslim people (the two major religions in India).
Gandhi was shot to death in New Delhi, a few months after this city was chosen as the capital of the independent Republic of India.

Answer: The rainforest

Dorothy Mae Stang was born in Ohio in 1931. She joined the Sisters of Notre Dame and moved to Brazil as a missionary. There she helped farmers to gain their living without having to resort to deforestation of the Amazon. Her tagline was: "The death of the forest is the end of our life".
The two people convicted of having murdered sister Dorothy Stang are Rayfran das Neves Sales and Clodoaldo Carlos Batista. Rayfran was sentenced to 28 years' imprisonment and Clodoaldo to 17 years.
The life and death of Sister Dorothy Stang inspired a documentary ("They Killed Sister Dorothy", 2008, directed by Daniel Junge) and an opera ("Angel of the Amazon", 2009, composed by Evan Mack).

Answer: Nurse

Cavell was born in Norfolk, England, in 1865. She moved to Brussels where she was appointed head of a nursing school in 1907.
During the First World War, Edith Cavell treated all victims she saw - whether German or allied combatants, or civilians. This could still be interpreted as her duty as a nurse.
But she also helped British prisoners of war to escape to the Netherlands (a neutral country during the First World War), and that was of course against the German military law that was in effect in Brussels.
The German authorities had her arrested and convicted her of helping British prisoners to escape. Protests by the US embassy didn't have any effect, and Edith Cavell was executed in October 1915.
Cavell will always be remembered as having said (a few hours before her execution): "Patriotism is not enough: I must have no hatred or bitterness towards anyone."

Answer: Hanging

Bonhoeffer was born in 1906 in Breslau, Germany (nowadays Wroclaw in Poland). He studied theology and became a Lutheran pastor.
Bonhoeffer was one of the first opponents of the Nazis. In 1940, the Nazi authorities forbade him to speak in public, and a few months later they also forbade him to publish anything. In 1943 the Gestapo arrested him for activities directed against the Nazi regime and he was later convicted of having links with the July 1944 conspiracy to assassinate Hitler.
On 9 April 1945, Bonhoeffer was executed by hanging in Flossenbürg concentration camp.

Answer: PPP

Benazir Bhutto was born in 1953 into a family that has always been politically active. Her father Zulfikar was Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977.
Zulfikar Bhutto and his wife Nusrat were two of the founders of the PPP - Pakistan People's Party. Benazir followed them as party leader, and she was succeeded by her husband Asif Ali Zardari and their son Bilawal Zardari Bhutto.
The PPP is a social democratic party (centre-left).
The SPD is the socialist party in Germany. The SNP is the Scottish National Party (nationalist and left-wing). The PKK is the Kurdistan Workers' Party, active in Turkey and Iran.

Answer: Henry IV

Henry IV of France was born in 1553 in Pau, the Béarnaise region.
He was baptised as a Catholic, but raised as a Protestant (Huguenot). He married the Catholic princess Margaret of Valois in 1572, which provoked the mass slaughters known as "Saint Bartholomew's Day".
King Henry III, a fervent Catholic, had no other relatives worthy of succeeding him, so he named Henry IV as his successor. Henry III died in 1589, so Henry IV claimed the throne - which led once more to bloody civil war.
Finally Henry IV converted to Catholicism and granted in 1598 the Protestants important rights.
In 1610, Henry IV was killed by an ardent Catholic named François Ravaillac.
Henry VIII, James VI and Richard III all are famous English monarchs.

Answer: Yitzhak Rabin

Rabin was born in Jerusalem in 1922 and grew up in Tel Aviv.
After his military service, Rabin went into politics. From 1968 until 1973, he was ambassador to the USA, and in 1974 he held the post of Minister of Labour. Rabin was Prime Minister from 1974 until 1977, and again from 1992 until his death.
During his second term as Prime Minister, Rabin publically recognised the Palestinian National Authority and strove for the implementation of the Oslo Peace Agreements. For his role in doing so, Rabin was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1994.
In November 1995, Yigal Amir took three shots at Rabin. Rabin died a few minutes after his transfer to hospital.
Dayan (1915-1981), Herzog (1918-1997) and Begin (1913-1992) were other prominent Israeli politicians.

Answer: Steve Biko

Biko was born in 1946. He studied medicine. During his studies, he became a fervent opponent of Apartheid. The authorities forbade him to speak in public or to publish, but he continued to oppose Apartheid.
A few months after the Soweto uprising, the police arrested Biko for alleged terrorism. He was severely beaten, including blows to the head. Biko died in September 1977 as a result of those beatings.
Five police officers have confessed (several years after the event) to having killed Steve Biko. Because the time limit for prosecution had already expired, they have not been put on trial.
Terre-Blanche (1941-2010), Verwoerd (1901-1966) and Sisulu (1912-2003) were famous South-African politicians.

Answer: The White Rose

Sophie Scholl was born in 1921. In 1942 she went to the University of Munich to start studying biology. Her brother Hans was already studying medicine at the same university.
Hans started the group "The White Rose" which disseminated pamphlets attacking Hitler and the Nazis. Hans tried to conceal this activity from Sophie, but she found out and eagerly helped spreading the propaganda.
In February 1943 the members of the White Rose were arrested and swiftly condemned to death. Hans and Sophie Scholl, as well as some others, were guillotined.
The Carnation Revolution was in Portugal in 1974. The Velvet Revolution was in Czechoslovakia in 1989. The Jasmine Revolution refers to the Tunisian revolt in 2010-2011.