Alkanes, Cycloalkanes, & Derivatives Quiz

Answer: Single

Alkanes are given the name alkanes due to the fact that they only contain single bonds. Compounds containing double bonds between carbon atoms are known as alkenes.

Answer: alkynes

Acetylene torches use the most basic alkyne, ethyne. This is more commonly known as, you guessed it, acetylene. It has the formula C2H2.

Answer: 2,2-dimethylbutane

When naming a compound, find the longest carbon chain possible. Here it consists of 4 carbons. Then number the carbons of the chain according to where the branched groups are attached giving the lowest number carbon. Since the longest chain has 4 carbon atoms, the 2 methyl groups are found on the 2nd or 3rd carbon depending on numbering. Since 2 is lower than 3, the name is determined.

Answer: 3

Isomers that differ in the order in which the atoms are connected are known as constitutional isomers. This particular compound has 3: pentane; 2,2-dimethylpropane; & 2-methylbutane. It helps to sketch them out so you do not count more than one isomer.

Answer: methylcyclooctane

An alkane ring with 8 carbons has no double bonds and has the name cyclooctane. Since adding a methyl group automatically gives that carbon of the ring connected to it the number 1 position, we get methylcyclooctane. If there were more than one group attached to the ring, the name would change dramatically. Cyclooctanol is an alcohol, cyclooctene is an alkene, and boric acid is good for getting rid of pavement ants!

Answer: Quaternary

A carbon atom bonded to 2 carbon atoms is secondary and 3 carbon atoms tertiary. Carbon does not make more than 4 bonds. Polyorganic is just a cool word I made up.

Answer: non-polar; polar; water; hydrophobic

Non-polar compounds dissolve in like, as do polar compounds. Water is highly polar, benzene is non-polar and alkanes are non-polar. Therefore, alkanes will dissolve in benzene and not water. Hydrophobic literally means to be afraid of water and this describes alkanes very well.

Answer: Cl2

Alkanes are not highly reactive but do undergo halogenation reactions. Methane, CH4, will react with chlorine gas, Cl2 (with heat or light), to produce chloromethane, CH3Cl, and hydrochloric acid, HCl. Chloromethane can then undergo halogenation, and so forth. Benzene, C6H6, methanol, CH3OH, and acetone, (CH3)2CO do not react with methane.

Answer: True

This coating is believed to prevent the plants from losing water. One alkane, hentriacontane, CH3(CH2)29CH3, is 1 component of the leaf wax of tobacco plants and is also found in beeswax.

Answer: sp3

When a carbon is bonded to 4 atoms via single bonds, as in an alkane or haloalkane, the s orbital and 3 p orbitals of the carbon hybridize to form new atomic orbitals which overlap with the orbitals of the other atoms. An sp hybridized carbon only has the s orbital and 1 p orbital hybridized and thus has a triple bond. An sp2 hybridized carbon only has the s orbital and 2 p orbitals hybridized and thus has a double bond. An sp4 hybridized carbon does not exist since carbon only makes 4 bonds. I hope you enjoyed this quiz and thanks for playing.