Keys to UK Landmarks and Buildings Quiz

Answer: Stonehenge

One of the UK's best known landmarks, there has been much debate as to the exact purpose of Stonehenge, with theories ranging that it was once an ancient observatory to a place to worship the dead.

Radiocarbon dating of the site shows construction began somewhere between the second and third millennia BC with evidence that the site was used as far back as the eighth millennium BC.

On the 21st of June there is an annual ceremony to commemorate the Summer Solstice. The site itself is owned by English Heritage and is open to the public.

Woodhenge was a monument that was constructed of wood and is situated 2 miles away from Stonehenge. Avebury Stone Circle encompasses part of the village of Avebury, Wiltshire, whilst Skara Brae is the remains of a Neolithic village, found on the Orkney Islands.

Answer: The Tower of London

Work on constructing the Tower of London began in 1078 AD, when the foundations for the White Tower were laid. Originally the White Tower had a wooden palisade surrounding it, but this was replaced with a stone wall at a later date. Between the reigns of Richard I and Edward I, the castle was extended, and fortifications improved.

In Tudor times the castle declined as a royal palace, instead becoming a centre for storing munitions and armour. In addition, the Tower of London was also a royal mint and prison, with a number of prisoners executed within its walls. The last executions took place during the Second World War when a number of German spies were executed, the last being Josef Jakobs in 1941. Also the infamous Kray Twins -Ronnie and Reggie Kra - were amongst the last prisoners to be briefly held in the Tower of London in 1952, prior to their transfer to a military prison on a charge of desertion.

During the 18th and 19th centuries the castle was opened to the public for tours, during which time a number of the castle buildings were restored. The castle now is a major tourist attraction in London.

Hampton Court Palace is a Tudor palace in Richmond-upon-Thames, in Middlesex. The Palace of Westminster is home to the Houses of Parliament on the banks of the River Thames, whilst Lambeth Palace is the London home to the Archbishop of Canterbury.

Answer: Beachy Head Lighthouse

Built at the base of Beachy Head cliffs, the lighthouse started operation in 1902, replacing the Belle Tout Lighthouse on the cliffs above. To construct the lighthouse, a temporary cable car was set up from the cliff top to transport men and materials to the shoreline.

Originally, the lighthouse had three lighthouse keepers living in it, but in 1983 the lighthouse was adapted so that it was fully automated. Painted in distinctive red and white bands, the lighthouse was repainted in 2013 with money donated by the public.

The Belle Tout Lighthouse on the cliffs above was moved to its current position in 1999 after costal erosion threatened to destroy the lighthouse. In a feat of engineering, the entire lighthouse was moved 56 feet away from the cliff edge by hydraulic jacks.

The Eddystone Rock Lighthouse lies off the coast of Devon. The Dungeness Lighthouse is in Kent, near to the lighthouse that was built as a replacement, whilst the Bell Rock lighthouse lies off the coast of Angus.

Answer: Yes

Situated on the southern shore of Loch Ness, Urquhart Castle is built on a Strone Point, a small promontory sticking out into the loch.

The castle was first recorded in 1292, when forces under Edward I captured it in 1296, and for the next few years the castle exchanged hands between the English and Scots. In addition, the MacDonald clan also attacked the castle in their attempts to overthrow the Earls of Ross and claim their lands.

During the 16th century the castle was restored by John Grant of Freuchie - having been granted the castle and lands by King James IV. The castle stayed in the Grant family hands until 1912. However, the castle became derelict after being damaged in 1690 to prevent it falling into Jacobite hands. In addition, stonework was taken to be used for building work.

In 1913, the castle passed into state hands, and work began to improve the site, making it a tourist attraction that now attracts over 300,000 visitors a year.

Answer: William Wallace Monument

Built to commemorate the great Scottish hero, William Wallace, the William Wallace Monument stands on top of Abbey Craig near the city of Stirling in Scotland.

Work commenced on building the monument in 1860, and it was built on the site where Wallace is said to have watched the forces of Edward I gather before the Battle of Stirling Bridge in 1297. Money for the project came from public donations.

The tower itself has 246 steps leading up to an observation deck, giving views over the surrounding countryside. In the tower is a museum dedicated to the life of William Wallace, as well as other well-known Scottish figures such as Robert the Bruce and poet Robert Burns.

Answer: Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum

Opened in 1901, the Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum stands in Kelvingrove Park, overlooking the River Kelvin in Glasgow. The building was constructed as part of the Glasgow International Exhibition, held in 1901, and used some of the money raised for an earlier exhibition held in the park in 1888 to finance construction.

Designed by architects Sir John W. Simpson and E.J. Milner Allen, the gallery is built in a Spanish-Baroque style, using red sandstone quarried at Locharbriggs in Dumfries. The gallery itself contains many art works of international importance, as well as a collection of arms and armour. In addition, there is also a natural history museum.

Urban legend has it that one of the architects committed suicide when it was found the building was built back to front, however this is a myth since the building was meant to have its main entrance overlooking the park.

The Tate Modern and National Portrait Gallery are in London, whilst the Turner Contemporary Gallery is in Margate, Kent.

Answer: Yes

Although the original Cavern Club has long since gone, the current Cavern Club was reopened in the 1980s, occupying 75% percent of the original site and using some of the bricks recovered from the original club.

The first owner of the Cavern Club, Alan Sytner, opened the venue in 1957, inspired by the jazz clubs that he discovered in Paris. The club itself was built in a collection of cellars that Sytner found in Matthew Street, Liverpool.

Although, John, Paul, George and Ringo had made individual appearances, their first official appearance as the Beatles came in 1961, and from 1961 to 1963 they performed there nearly 300 times.

This club was closed and filled in as part of the Merseyrail project. Then in 1984, a group led by Liverpool F.C. footballer Tommy Smith decided to reopen the club. Despite being better known now as a tourist venue, the New Cavern Club also functions as a live music venue, with such artists as the Wanted, Travis, the Arctic Monkeys and Jessie J. performing at the club.

Answer: The Menai Suspension Bridge

Designed by the great Scottish civil engineer, Thomas Telford, the Menai Suspension Bridge takes its name from the Menai Strait that flows beneath the bridge. Before its construction, the only link between Wales and the Isle of Anglesey was a ferry crossing. Construction began on the bridge in 1819, and when opened it helped provide a valuable link not only for the island, but to help connect Britain to Ireland via a ferry link across the Irish Sea.

The Forth Road Bridge crosses the Firth of Forth near Edinburgh, Scotland.
The Q.E. II Bridge (Queen Elizabeth II Bridge) crosses the Thames between Kent and Essex, whilst Tower Bridge is in London, near to the Tower of London.

Answer: cranes

Situated in the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Samson and Goliath are named after two people mentioned in the bible, both known for their strength.

Built by the German engineering firm Krupps, the Samson crane stands at 106 meters tall, whilst Goliath is 10 metres shorter. Although rated as being able to lift 1,600 tonnes between them, when first tested to 1,000 tonnes, the gantry on the Samson crane bent by 12 inches.

In 2007, the Goliath crane crashed into a smaller crane, toppling that crane over and putting Goliath out of action for a few months. The incident itself was filmed and placed on YouTube.

Because the cranes have become iconic landmarks on the Belfast skyline, they were given listed monument status in 2003 under Article 3 of the Historic Monuments and Archaeological Objects (Northern Ireland) Order of 1995.

Answer: Isle of Man

Built in 1854, the Great Laxey Wheel was constructed to extract water from the Glen Mooar mine, part of the Great Laxey mine complex. The decision to use a water wheel - rather than a steam engine - was due to the lack of coal on the island.

Designed by Robert Casement, the water-wheel was originally called the Lady Isabella Wheel after the wife of the then governor of the Isle of Man, Charles Hope.

The wheel itself holds the record of being the world's largest working waterwheel, being 76 feet high, and six feet wide. Although the wheel still functions, it is no longer connected to the pump it once operated.