Over the years, hand saws have been made of various materials, including stone, copper, bronze, iron, and steel. They come in sizes ranging from 6 inches to over 24 inches.
A hand saw is used by gripping the handle and placing the saw teeth on the piece of wood, and applying pressure, while pushing and pulling to cut through the wood.
Hand saws originated in Ancient Egypt around 1500 B.C.
2. Chisel
Chisels are often made from steel, but can also be made from beryllium copper or stainless steel. The first chisels were made of flint. Chisels come in sizes 1/4 inch, 1/2 inch, 3/4 inch, and 1 inch; the size is the width of the blade.
The chisel is used by forcing the blade of the chisel into the wood or other material and applying force by hand or hammer.
The chisel originated in Ancient Egypt around 8000 BC.
3. Nails
Nails are usually made of steel but can also be made of stainless steel, iron, copper, aluminum, or bronze. There are many different types of nails, including common nails, finishing nails, box nails, casing nails, ring nails, spiral shank nails, roofing nails, and masonry nails. Many sizes of common nails begin with a number and end with the letter "d", which stands for "penny" in the old English monetary system.
Nails hold materials together by friction; they are driven by hand using a hammer or nail gun.
The earliest evidence of the origins of nails is from Egypt around 3,400 BC, however, this isn't known for sure.
4. Claw Hammer
The modern hammerhead is generally constructed from steel, which undergoes a heat treatment process to enhance its hardness, and the handle is usually made of wood or reinforced plastic. There are different types of hammers, including a claw hammer, a sledgehammer, a ball peen hammer, a rock hammer, a brick hammer, and a mallet.
Claw hammers are used to drive and remove nails; sledgehammers are used to demolish items; ball peen hammers are used to shape metal and drive nails; rock hammers are used to break, split, and chip rocks; brick hammers are used to break, shape, and trim bricks, and mallets are used to knock wooden pieces together or to drive dowels.
The first hammers were invented in Africa over 3.3 million years ago.
5. Plane
Woodworking planes are made out of wood, metal, or a combination of both. There are planes made completely out of wood except for the blade. There are different types of planes, including a scrub plane, a jack plane, a jointer plane, a smoothing plane, and a polishing plane.
Planes are used by placing the cutting blade on the surface of the wood and pushing it with one or both hands to shape or flatten the piece of wood out.
The earliest known planes originated in 79 A.D. and were found in Pompeii.
6. Spirit Level
Spirit levels are made from various materials, including aluminum, plastic, wood, cast iron, and composite materials. There are different types of levels for different trades. They include a carpenter's level, a mason's level, a line level, and an engineer's precision level.
They are used to determine if surfaces are level in the horizontal or vertical directions by placing the level on the object you want to be leveled. Then, you move the object being leveled until the bubble on the level is in the center.
The spirit level was invented in 1661 by the French scientist Melchisédech Thévenot.
7. Tape measure
The tape measure, also known as the measuring tape, is used to measure length and is made of a ribbon of cloth, plastic, fiberglass, or metal strip with measurement markings. There are self-retracting measuring tapes, manual return measuring tapes, and sewing measuring tapes.
To use the self-retracting measuring tape, you hook the end hook on the edge of the item you want to be measured and stretch the tape measure across the item until you reach the length you want, lock it so it doesn't retract, and mark it or write the measurement down.
The first tape measure was patented in 1829 by British metalworker James Chesterman.
8. G-Clamp
G-clamps, also known as C-clamps, are usually made of steel or cast iron. They hold wood together while the glue is drying or for other activities; they can also be used in metalwork. There are also F-clamps.
To use the G-clamp, you position it around the objects you want to hold together, then turn the screw on the bottom of the clamp clockwise to tighten it, which applies pressure to the objects being held together.
G-clamps have been used for centuries. They were first made out of wood and were initially named carriage makers' clamps.
9. Screwdriver
Most screwdrivers are made of steel, brass, plastic, and aluminum. There are different kinds of screwdrivers: Phillips heads, flat heads, and screwdrivers that you can change the heads on for convenience. They come in various sizes, and on some, the tip is magnetized to make it easier to hold the screw.
To use the screwdriver, choose the size and type you require. Insert the tip of the screwdriver into the tip of the screw and turn clockwise to tighten the screw or counterclockwise to loosen the screw while applying pressure.
Screwdrivers were most likely invented in Germany or France around the late 15th century.
10. Table Saw
Table saws are made of materials including steel, aluminum, plastic, cast iron, and particle board. There are different types of table saws, including cabinet table saws, hybrid table saws, and stationary table saws.
To use the table saw, you mark how much you wish to cut off your piece of wood and adjust the blade so it is just above the piece of wood you're cutting. Put on eye and ear protection, turn on the saw, and slowly push the wood through the saw blade while pushing it against the table without lifting it.
The table saw was first patented in 1777 by Samuel Miller, an English scientist.
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